1980 6.06 1982

Vol.6 n°6 june 1981

Vol.6 n°6 june 1981

(byte_1981_06.jpg)

[editor : Christopher Morgan] [publisher : Virginia Londoner, Gordon R Williamson, John E Hayes] #Magazine

p.4 In This Issue

p.4 In This Issue

#Abstract

It's the operating systems that turn a hunk of hardware into a clever machine. As Robert Tinney's cover drawing depicts, they are the brains behind the brawn of today's computing systems.

This month two articles analyze the most popular operating system, "CP/M: A Family of 8- and 16-Bit Operating Systems," by Gary Kildall, and James Larson's "The Ins and Outs of CP/M." If you can get by the title of Chris Morgan's editorial - "The New 16-Bit Operating Systems, or, the Search for Benutzerfreundlichkeit" - you'll discover what form the operating systems of the future may take. And Robert Greenberg presents what may be the next popular operating system in his article, "The UNIX Operating System and the XENIX Standard Operating Environment."

p.6 Editorial: The New 16-Bit Operating Systems, or, The Search for Benützerfreundlichkeit

p.6 Editorial: The New 16-Bit Operating Systems, or, The Search for Benützerfreundlichkeit

[author : Chris Morgan] #Edito

Extract : «  Sam Goldwyn, the "G" of MGM, was famous for his inside-out logic. He once said, "A verbal agreement isn't worth the paper it's written on." This month's topic prompted me to coin a "Goldwynism" of my own: "The best time to talk about the future is before it happens."

In one sense 16-bit microcomputers are definitely here, yet in another they are strangers to us. The personal-computer community still lives in an 8-bit world, straining all 8 bits of every word to perform miracles.

But all that can and must change. Opponents of 16-bit systems cite cost and software conversion problems as the two main justifications for staying with 8 bits. Yet, how can software keep pace with the increased demand for more sophisticated graphics, to name only one area, unless we can address more than 64 K bytes of memory? How will we be able to access the staggering amounts of information in future memory banks without an increase in word size? And then there are the exciting new languages like Smalltalk that demand 16 bits for their operation. Simply put, 16 bits is the only way to go. The 16-bit operating system, therefore, becomes a critical link in the computing chain. [...]  »

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Features

Features

p.36 Logo for Personal Computers

p.36 Logo for Personal Computers

A preview of the first small-computer versions of this exciting language.

[author : Harold Nelson] #Logo #Listing #Programming

Extract : «  The imminent release of not one but two versions of the Logo language for personal computers may be one of the most exciting software developments of the year.

The Logo programming language was developed at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). According to the Logo Project's originator and driving force, MIT Professor Seymour Papert, "Logo is the name of a philosophy of education in a growing family of computer languages..."

In the same passage, Professor Papert is quick to point out that Logo is not merely a children's language, although since its development over twelve years ago it has always been intended to facilitate discovery learning by young children. In fact, it represents a kind of "Copernican revolution." Rather than the child being programmed by the computer (as with computer-aided instruction), the child learns by teaching the computer — and has a good deal of fun in the process. In the past, this has been the overriding purpose of the Logo Project. However, Professor Papert states: "An example of a powerful use of list structure is the representation of Logo procedures themselves as lists of lists so that Logo procedures can construct, modify, and run other Logo procedures." (Mindstorms: Children, Computers and Powerful Ideas. New York: Basic Books Inc, 1980, page 217.)

Apple Logo and TI Logo are the first versions of this language that are intended for use with personal computers. TI Logo was developed for the Texas Instruments 99/4 computer, while Apple Logo runs on the Apple II or Apple II Plus computer. Each is a descendant of earlier implementations written in LISP and Pascal for larger computers, and this heritage is evident in both versions of the language. [...]  »

p.46 Build a Low-Cost Speech-Synthesizer Interface

p.46 Build a Low-Cost Speech-Synthesizer Interface

The Digitalker integrated circuits from National Semiconductor can easily give your computer a limited spoken vocabulary.

[author : Steve Ciarcia] #Interface #Electronic #Listing #BASIC #Audio #Book

Extract : «  Recently I was at a local electronics store looking at DVMs (digital voltohmmeters). I didn't want to buy one, but, like looking at new cars, I wanted to reestablish the cost-effectiveness of what I already owned.

Most of the meters in the showcase were 3 1/2-digit units with five or more ranges and many ancillary functions. The sales pitch for every one sounded alike.

While not trying to be cute, I stopped the clerk in midsentence and asked if he had any DVMs that "talked." He completely ignored the question. I had to interrupt him twice to get his attention, and even then, he thought I was being difficult.

Eventually, he said that he had no talking DVMs and never expected to see any. Even though I anticipated his answer, I was testing his response to the idea. Considering that we now have talking toys, talking hand-held DVMs shouldn't sound that strange. In fact, such use would be a relatively minor application of synthesized speech. Someday they will be very common.

While I wouldn't consider this salesman a total loss, there are some people who have to go to Missouri to believe the state exists. I trust, however, that you have an open mind to new technology.

Cost-Effective Speech Synthesis

Advances in the production of high-density LSI (large-scale integrated) circuits and new techniques to synthesize speech have reduced the cost of voice-output systems dramatically. Attaching a speech synthesizer to your computer is now as reasonable financially as adding any other peripheral device. [...]  »

p.72 Mathematical Modeling: A BASIC Program to Simulate Real-World Systems

p.72 Mathematical Modeling: A BASIC Program to Simulate Real-World Systems

A Compucolor II BASIC program effectively simulates a physical system through the solution of a system of linear differential equations.

[author : Randall E Hicks] #Listing #BASIC #Mathematics #Graphics #Book

Extract : «  Many academic disciplines have used computers for modeling biological, physical, economic, and social systems. Modeling complicated systems once was timeconsuming, expensive, and cumbersome. Yet, as computer-related technology advanced, the magnitude of these problems has dwindled, and the potential for less expensive modeling and simulation tasks in all disciplines has increased.

My purpose is to demonstrate how useful microcomputers can be in mathematical simulations. I will introduce you to modeling the behavior of a system by describing it mathematically with a system of time-invariant linear differential equations. I will show how to solve systems of differential equations by two separate numerical methods. As a framework for the simulation tasks, I will use a simple model as an example for you to follow: a hydrologic model of the forested uplands surrounding Okefenokee swamp in Georiga. [...]  »

p.110 A Computer-Based Laboratory Timer

p.110 A Computer-Based Laboratory Timer

Accurate, repeatable tine measurements can be made in rapid succession, and logged for later use.

[author : John Gibson] #Electronic #Listing #Assembly #Time

Extract : «  Accurate time measurement is a fundamental requirement of every elementary physics laboratory. Thanks to modern electronics, most laboratories now use digital timing devices that are activated by photocells or microswitches. This is a great improvement over the hand-operated mechanical stop-clocks that were prevalent only a few years ago, but most electronic timers are still unsatisfactory in one important respect: only the most sophisticated (and expensive) are able to rapidly make and record a succession of elapsed-time measurements.

Data acquisition and logging are natural provinces of the microcomputer. Since small microcomputers and microcomputer trainers are now so widely available, it is only natural to try to adapt them for use in a variety of laboratory measurements. This article will show how a very modest microcomputer can be wired and programmed for use as a sophisticated laboratory timer.

First we will examine the system-independent design considerations for a microcomputer-based, two-channel, data-logging, millisecond timer. Then we will build this design on a Heath ET-3400 microprocessor trainer used with the ETA-3400 expansion accessory. [...]  »

p.216 CP/M: A Family of 8- and 16-Bit Operating Systems

p.216 CP/M: A Family of 8- and 16-Bit Operating Systems

An overview of Digital Research's operating systems, including a 16-bit operating system.

[author : Gary Kildall] #OperatingSystem #History

Extract : «  [...] CP/M was, however, completed by MAA in 1974. It included a single-user file system designed to eliminate data loss in all but the most unlikely situations, and used recoverable directory information to determine storage allocation rather than a traditional linked-list organization. The simplicity and reliability of the file system was an important key to the success of CP/M: file access to relatively slow floppy disks was immediate, and disks could be changed without losing files or mixing data records. And because CP/M is a Spartan system, today's increased storage-media transfer rates simply improve overall response. The refinements found in CP/M are based on its simplicity, reliability, and a proper match with limited-resource computers.

By the mid-1970s, CP/M added a new philosophy to operating system design. CP/M had been implemented on several computer systems, each having a different hardware interface. To accommodate these varying hardware environments, CP/M was decomposed into two parts: the invariant disk operating system written in PL/M, and a small variant portion written in assembly language. This separation allowed computer suppliers and end users to adapt their own physical I/O drivers to the standard CP/M product.

Hard-disk technology added yet another factor. CP/M customers required support for disk drives ranging from single 5-inch floppy disks to high-capacity Winchester disk drives. In response, CP/M was totally redesigned in 1979 to become table-driven. All disk-dependent parameters were moved from the invariant disk operating system to tables in the variant portion, to be filled in by the system implementer.

CP/M is now a multifunction program whose exact operation is defined externally through tables and I/O subroutines. The widespread use of CP/M is directly attributed to this generality: CP/M becomes a special-purpose operating system when it is field-programmed to match an operating environment. Through the efforts of system implementers who provide this field-programming, CP/M is used worldwide in close to 200,000 installations with over 3000 different hardware configurations. [...]  »

p.248 The UNIX Operating System and the XENIX Standard Operating Environment

p.248 The UNIX Operating System and the XENIX Standard Operating Environment

An inside look at a large-computer operating system implemented for use with microprocessors.

[author : Robert Greenberg] #OperatingSystem #C #History

Extract : «  [...] The UNIX operating system was originally developed at Bell Laboratories by Ken Thompson, an employee engaged in various programming research projects. With access to an abandoned DEC PDP-7 computer that had no software, Thompson decided in 1969 to write a set of programs that would aid him in software research. Over a period of several years, and with the help of fellow researcher Dennis Ritchie, this set of programs evolved into a full operating system. By 1972, it was recoded for the DEC PDP-11 computer in a newly designed high-level language, called C. The system gained recognition within the Labs and their parent company, Western Electric.

Word of the quality of Thompson and Ritchie's UNIX operating system spread rapidly. Universities, in particular, expressed interest in obtaining UNIX, and in 1973, Western Electric agreed to distribute the system to nonprofit organizations and promptly licensed several dozen educational institutions, including Columbia University, the University of Alberta (Canada), The Children's Museum (Boston), Princeton University, and Harvard University. By 1975, UNIX had become sufficiently popular in the academic world to justify the creation of a UNIX users' organization, later called USENIX.

The first public release of the UNIX operating system, labeled version 5, was an unpolished snapshot of a research project that was still evolving. It was replaced in 1975 with version 6, a system that is still operating today at many sites. UNIX continued to evolve, benefitting from the feedback it received from scores of internal and external test sites. [...]  »

p.268 The Ins and Outs of CP/M

p.268 The Ins and Outs of CP/M

Directly access the I/O and disk access functions of the CP/M operating system.

[author : James Larson] #OperatingSystem #Listing #Assembly

Extract : «  CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessors) is the most commonly used 8080/8085/Z80 operating system. CP/M is easy to use and the Digital Research documentation is reasonably thorough and clear, especially by microprocessor-software standards. However, the documentation is lacking in one area: the explanation of I/O (input/output) and disk interfacing. This article will clarify and expand upon the documentation. A summary of the I/O and disk-interface routines, calling sequences, use of return codes, and typical subroutines using these will be presented. The use of file-control blocks (FCBs) and I/O buffers will also be explained. Finally, some details of the CP/M I/O functions and their workings will be presented. [...]  »

p.302 Build a Super Simple Floppy-Disk Interface, Part II

p.302 Build a Super Simple Floppy-Disk Interface, Part II

A moderate amount of software makes the 10-device circuit into a flexible floppy-disk controller.

[author : Roger Camp and James Nicholson] #Listing #Assembly #Interface #Storage

Extract : «  [...] The software shown in listing 1 provides disk-formatting, reading, writing, and error-recovery functions. The software can be reassembled to allow relocation of program or page zero variables. Various entry points are shown in table 4.

Before using the FD1771 to read and write data within the sectors on the floppy disk, the disk must be formatted to conform to a certain structure. A program (entry point FORMAT) is supplied that formats all 77 tracks of a standard 8-inch disk in a standard IBM-compatible 128-bytes-per-sector arrangement (each track contains 26 sectors). [...]  »

p.378 An Easy-to-Use A/D Converter

p.378 An Easy-to-Use A/D Converter

This analog-to-digital converter features six input channels with accuracy of 8 to 10 bits.

[author : Robert Daggit] #Electronic #Encoding

Extract : «  With the addition of an analog-to-digital converter and some simple sensors, a microcomputer can monitor analog voltages, read light levels, sense temperatures, or read the analog output from laboratory instruments. The six-channel A/D (analog-to-digital) converter that I will describe reads positive voltages from 0 to 3 V, with either 8 or 10 bits of accuracy. It interfaces to the computer through an 8-bit bidirectional peripheral port whose I/O (input/output) lines are individually programmable and latched when used as outputs. [...]  »

p.392 The Impossible Dream: Computing e to 116,000 Places with a Personal Computer

p.392 The Impossible Dream: Computing e to 116,000 Places with a Personal Computer

An 8-bit microcomputer is harnessed to the Herculean task of computing the mathematical constant e to 115,925 places.

[author : Stephen Wozniak] #Listing #Assembly #BASIC #Mathematics

Extract : «  [...] The purpose of this article is to share my experiences in computing the mathematical constant e to 116,000 digits of precision on an Apple II computer. Although this computation has little intrinsic value or use, the experience was stimulating and educational. The problems I was forced to overcome gave me insights that greatly contributed to new floating-point routines. These routines were, in some cases, two to three times as fast as those currently implemented in some of our languages at Apple. Because I wanted to develop my own solutions to the problem, I did not research existing techniques for computing e to great precision. Therefore, my approaches are quite possibly not state-of-the-art.

I first calculated e to 47 K bytes of precision in January 1978. The program ran for 4.5 days, and the binary result was saved on cassette tape. Because I had no way of detecting lost-bit errors on the Apple (16 K-byte dynamic memory circuits were new items back then), a second result, matching the first, was required. Only then would I have enough confidence in the binary result to print it in decimal.

Before I could rerun the 4.5 day program successfully, other projects at Apple, principally the floppy-disk controller, forced me to deposit the project in the bottom drawer. This article, already begun, was postponed along with it. Two years later, in March 1980, I pulled the e project out of the drawer and reran it, obtaining the same results. As usual (for some of us), writing the magazine article consumed more time than that spent meeting the technical challenges. [...]  »

Reviews

Reviews

p.24 RAMCRAM Memory Module for the Atari

p.24 RAMCRAM Memory Module for the Atari

[author : Mark Pelczarski] #Memory #Review

Extract : «  [...] For $320 you can buy a single module that contains 32 K bytes of programmable memory. The unit plugs into the middle memory slot of an Atari 800, and with the 16 K-byte module provided with your system, gives a full 48 K bytes of memory (it will not work with only an 8 K-byte module ahead of it). [...]  »

p.88 Information Unlimited: The Dialog Information Retrieval Service

p.88 Information Unlimited: The Dialog Information Retrieval Service

[author : Stan Miastkowski] #OnlineService #DataManagement #Storage

Extract : «  No matter where we go or what we do, we're inundated with data. Each day magazines, newspapers, books, technical journals, and the broadcast media spew forth an amazing amount of material. One quickly learns that there is no way to possibly digest more than a tiny fraction of this material, and that's why this uncontrollable avalanche of paper and words has been aptly named the "information explosion." Fueling the frustration is the Herculean task of sifting through library-card catalogs and indexes to locate specific documents. It's a difficult and inefficient way to find the information you need. In addition, new problems crop up when you attempt to physically locate the texts you managed to find references to.

A much better method is available — if you have access to a modem (modulator-demodulator) and a terminal (or personal computer with communication software). The Dialog Information Retrieval Service (part of the Lockheed Missile and Space Company, Inc) offers on-line interactive access to literally millions of references and abstracts. With Dialog, you can locate information on any subject you can possibly imagine just by typing in words or phrases describing the topic you're interested in. You can search for references by names or companies, authors or publications, dates, product codes, or patent numbers (to name only a few). By combining terms, the information you come up with can be as narrow or as broad as you want it to be. And, reprints of the articles or papers you've found references to can be ordered directly from your terminal. When speaking of the amount of information available on the Dialog system, the numbers become mind-boggling. Dialog has some 50 billion bytes of information available on-line in some 130 individual data bases. That works out to a rough total of about forty million individual bibliographic abstracts and references (referred to as citations). If all the citations were printed on 8 1/2-by 11-inch paper, the stack would reach higher than the Empire State building.

The newspaper and magazine indexes are among the most popularly oriented data bases — although Dialog also offers a number of specialized data bases for those in education, industry, applied science and technology, and social science and the humanities. Business information and forecasts are also available. Eighteen new data bases were added to the system in 1980, and at least a dozen more will be available by the end of the year. The system is available 110 hours a week in fifty countries, and all data bases are updated regularly. Each day tens of thousands of new citations are added. Also, if you wish to create your own private data bases for use on the system, Dialog provides this service. [...]  »

p.176 Four Word Processors for the Apple II

p.176 Four Word Processors for the Apple II

[author : Keith Carlson and Steve Haber] #Software #Review #Overview #Office

Extract : «  [...] Choosing a word processor is similar to deciding on a microcomputer. Each has special features (see table 1), and none of the products have all the features.

If you want a word processor that performs math operations, the SuperText II program is for you. If you're looking for a word processor that you can modify, and you know only BASIC, then Write-On! should satisfy your requirements. If you already have one of the 80-column cards, perhaps you should choose the EasyWriter Professional version. If you are looking for a workhorse processor that will handle bulk mailings, then the EasyWriter Professional linked with EasyMailer is also for you, although Super-Text may meet this demand, and, with some pushing, Write-On! could meet the lower end of these requirements. Datacope Scribe has some very nice features, and if you only wish to process text and can live without a find-and-replace feature, the processor will fulfill your needs.

About this time, you may be thinking, "This is a typical review that says all the products are great". Possibly this is true, but we speak with some experience as we used all of the processors while preparing this article. Each met our needs, and performed basic text processing in less than an hour.

A few years ago, such power in a small package, and at this price, was only a dream. And even today, some of the larger systems don't have equivalent features.  »

p.352 Startrek 4.0 and Startrek 3.5

p.352 Startrek 4.0 and Startrek 3.5

[author : Scott Mitchell] #Game #Review

Extract : «  [...] Startrek 3.5 is a menu-driven program. After each sequence of events, you are returned to a list that has eleven command numbers and one invisible command. From this list, you pick and choose commands as if it were a menu. Commands include control of phasers, photon torpedoes, impulse and warp drives, long- and short-range sensor scans, and alert status. You can display the ship's current status, call up damage control to see what is or isn't functioning, call for repairs, or have the science computer tell you what objects are in your quadrant. The ship's computer command takes you into a subsystem that scans its data base for data on Klingon warships, starbases, class F stars, planets, unexplored areas, etc. The computer obtains this information each time you request a sensor scan. The invisible command saves the game on disk or cassette. [...]  »

p.356 The BDS C Compiler

p.356 The BDS C Compiler

[author : Christopher Kern] #Software #Review #Programming

Extract : «  [...] My recommendation is largely a product of my experience with one of the best and least expensive programming language packages I have come across: the C compiler developed by BD Software (by Leor Zolman of Cambridge, Massachusetts). I have been using the BDS C compiler for over a year, and I think many hobbyists who aren't already using a modern, high-level language could easily switch to C from their BASIC interpreter. C, like BASIC, can be learned quickly, but it has resources that BASIC, even in its ingeniously extended forms, can't match. And while the BDS C compiler does not provide as convenient a programming environment as BASIC — no compiled language really can — it comes about as close as possible to eliminating the worst annoyance of many compilers running on microcomputer systems: the long wait between idea and execution as the compiler cranks out an assembly-language file that must itself be compiled (run through an assembler) before the object program can be tested. [...]  »

Nucleus

Nucleus

p.12 Letters

p.12 Letters

p.30 p.162 p.384 Technical Forums

p.30 p.162 p.384 Technical Forums

LISP vs FORTRAN: A Fantasy

We Interrupt This Program...

A Votrax vocabulary

p.146 Education Forum

p.146 Education Forum

Microcomputers in Education: A Concept-Oriented Approach

p.168 Programming Quickie: Z80 Table Lookup

p.168 Programming Quickie: Z80 Table Lookup

p.208 BYTELINES

p.208 BYTELINES

p.234 System Notes: LIST - A Source-Listing Program for the C Language

p.234 System Notes: LIST - A Source-Listing Program for the C Language

p.342 Ask BYTE

p.342 Ask BYTE

p.348 Software Received

p.348 Software Received

p.350 Books Received

p.350 Books Received

#Book

BASIC, A Hands-On Method, Second Edition, Herbert D Peckham. New York: McGraw-Hill 1981; 17.5 by 23.5 cm, 306 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-07-049160-7, $12.95.

BASIC-Pack Statistics Programs for Small Computers, Dennie Van Tassel. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1981; 21 by 28 cm, 230 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-13-066381-6, $16.95.

Basically Speaking, A Guide to BASIC Programming for the Interact Computer, Micro Video Corporation. Ann Arbor MI: Micro Video Corporation, POB 7357, 1980; 23 by 28 cm, 201 pages, softcover, ISBN-none, $14.95.

Data Structures Using Pascal, Aaron M Tenenbaum and Moshe J Augenstein. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1981; 18.5 by 24.5 cm, 545 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-13-196501-8, $23.95.

The 8085 Microprocessor, Fundamentals and Applications (Hands-On), Howard Boyet. New York: MTI Publications, 1980; 18 by 25.5 cm, 420 pages, softcover, ISBN-none, $17.95.

First Course in Data Processing with BASIC, J Daniel Couger and Fred McFadden. Somerset NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1981; 21.5 by 28 cm, 443 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-471-08046-2, $17.95.

First Course in Data Processing with BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, and RPG, J Daniel Couger and Fred McFadden. Somerset NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1981; 21.5 by 28 cm, 532 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-47105581-6, $20.95.

Fundamentals of Programming in BASIC, Robert C Nickerson. Cambridge MA: Winthrop Publishers, 1981; 17.5 by 23.5 cm, 400 pages, softcover, ISBN 8-87626305-8, $12.95.

Introduction to Computer Operations, Second Edition, W M Fuori; A D'Arco; and L Orilia. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1981; 18.5 by 24.5 cm, 620 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-13-480392-2, $19.

Introduction to Computer Data Processing, Third Edition, Wilson T Price. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981; 19 by 24 cm, 577 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-03-056728-9, $18.95.

Invitation to Pascal, Harry Katzan Jr. Princeton NJ: Petrocelli Books, 1981; 16.5 by 24 cm, 233 pages, hardcover, ISBN 089433-103-5, $17.50.

MA-2 Microcomputer Applications, Volume I, Howard Boyet and Ron Katz. New York: MTI Publications, 1979; 15.5 by 23 cm, 461 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-89704-026-0, $16.

MA-2 Microcomputer Applications, Volume!, same as above, 290 pages, ISBN 0-89704-027-9, $9.

Microprocessor System Debugging, Noordin Ghani and Edward Farrell. Somerset NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1980; 18.5 by 28.5 cm, 143 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-47127860-2, $43.50.

Microprogrammed Control and Reliable Design of Small Computers, George D Kraft and Wing N Toy. Englewood Cliffs NJ: PrenticeHall, 1981; 16 by 24 cm, 428 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-13-581140-6, $21.95.

The Pascal Handbook, Jacques Tiberghien. Berkeley CA: Sybex, 1981; 18 by 23 cm, 500 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-89588-053-9, $14.95.

Programming with FORTRAN/WATFOR/WATFIV, David T Basso and Ronald D Schwartz. Cambridge MA: Winthrop Publishers, 1981; 17.5 by 23.5 cm, 407 pages, softcover, ISBN 0- 87626-638-3, $12.95.

Systems Analysis and Management: Structure, Strategy and Design, Donald V Steward. Princeton NJ: Petrocelli Books, 1981; 16.5 by 24 cm, 287 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-89433-106-X, $25.

TRS-80 Assembly Language, Hubert S Howejr. Englewood Cliffs NJ: PrenticeHall, 1981; 18.5 by 24.5 cm, 186 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-13-931139-4, $15.95.

Using Microprocessors and Microcomputers: The 6800 Family, J D Greenfield and W C Wray. Somerset NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1981; 19.5 by 24.5 cm, 460 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-471-02727-8, $22.95.

p.350 p.370 p.377 BYTE's Bits

p.350 p.370 p.377 BYTE's Bits

p.364 p.374 Book Reviews

p.364 p.374 Book Reviews

Musical Applications of Microprocessors

TEX and METAFONT: New Directions in Typesetting

#Book

Extract : «  Musical Applications of Microprocessors by Hal Chamberlin Hayden Book Company, Inc Rochelle Park, NJ 1980, 661 pages, hardcover $24.95 [...]

TEX and METAFONT: New Directions in Typesetting by Donald E Knuth Digital Press, Bedford, MA 1979 $12.00 [...]  »

p.371 Clubs and Newsletters

p.371 Clubs and Newsletters

p.372 Event Queue

p.372 Event Queue

p.376 BYTE's Bugs

p.376 BYTE's Bugs

p.409 What's New?

p.409 What's New?

p.462 Unclassified Ads

p.462 Unclassified Ads

p.463 BOMB, BOMB Results

p.463 BOMB, BOMB Results

p.464 Reader Service

p.464 Reader Service

ADS (content taken from the reader service p.464)

ADS (content taken from the reader service p.464)

p.441 AB COMPUTERS

p.441 AB COMPUTERS

p.122 ABM PRODUCTS

p.122 ABM PRODUCTS

p.82 ACKERMAN DIGITAL SYS

p.82 ACKERMAN DIGITAL SYS

p.438 ACOM ELECTRONICS

p.438 ACOM ELECTRONICS

p.145 ACTION COMPUTER

p.145 ACTION COMPUTER

p.119 ADAPTIVE DATA & ENERGY

p.119 ADAPTIVE DATA & ENERGY

p.436 ADDMASTER CORP

p.436 ADDMASTER CORP

p.446 p.447 ADV COMP PROD

p.446 p.447 ADV COMP PROD

p.320 ADV MICRO SYS

p.320 ADV MICRO SYS

p.360 ADVENTURE INTL

p.360 ADVENTURE INTL

p.434 AFTERTHOUGHT ENG

p.434 AFTERTHOUGHT ENG

p.363 ALF PRODUCTS INC

p.363 ALF PRODUCTS INC

p.434 ALL ELECTRONICS CORP

p.434 ALL ELECTRONICS CORP

p.59 p.261 ALPHA BYTE STORAGE

p.59 p.261 ALPHA BYTE STORAGE

p.369 ALPHA OMEGA COMP SYS

p.369 ALPHA OMEGA COMP SYS

p.60 p.61 ALTOS COMP SYS

p.60 p.61 ALTOS COMP SYS

p.435 AMER BUSINESS COMP

p.435 AMER BUSINESS COMP

p.253 AMERCOMP & TELECOMM

p.253 AMERCOMP & TELECOMM

p.62 AMER RED BALL TRANS

p.62 AMER RED BALL TRANS

p.327 AMER SQUARE COMP

p.327 AMER SQUARE COMP

p.151 ANADEX

p.151 ANADEX

p.421 ANCRONA

p.421 ANCRONA

p.188 ANDERSON JACOBSON

p.188 ANDERSON JACOBSON

p.175 APPARAT INC

p.175 APPARAT INC

p.115 APPLE COMPUTER INC

p.115 APPLE COMPUTER INC

p.400 APPLIED ANALYTICS

p.400 APPLIED ANALYTICS

p.369 ARISTO-POLK

p.369 ARISTO-POLK

p.434 ARTIFICAL INTL RESEARCH

p.434 ARTIFICAL INTL RESEARCH

p.213 p.305 ASAP COMP PROD INC

p.213 p.305 ASAP COMP PROD INC

p.285 ASHTON-TATE

p.285 ASHTON-TATE

p.225 ATARI PERSONAL COMP

p.225 ATARI PERSONAL COMP

p.436 AUTOCONTROL INC

p.436 AUTOCONTROL INC

p.321 AUTOMATED EQPTMNT

p.321 AUTOMATED EQPTMNT

p.140 AVOCET

p.140 AVOCET

p.127 AXIOM CORP

p.127 AXIOM CORP

p.436 B & B ELECTRONICS

p.436 B & B ELECTRONICS

p.269 BASF SYSTEMS

p.269 BASF SYSTEMS

p.429 BELL, JOHN ENGR

p.429 BELL, JOHN ENGR

p.462 BETA COMP DEVICES

p.462 BETA COMP DEVICES

p.313 BILLINGS COMP CTR

p.313 BILLINGS COMP CTR

p.343 BIT BUCKET, THE

p.343 BIT BUCKET, THE

p.164 BIZCOMP

p.164 BIZCOMP

p.153 BMC INTERNATIONAL

p.153 BMC INTERNATIONAL

p.204 BOWER-STEWART

p.204 BOWER-STEWART

p.344 BUSS/CHARLES FLOTO

p.344 BUSS/CHARLES FLOTO

p.191 p.192 p.193 p.194 BYTE BOOKS

p.191 p.192 p.193 p.194 BYTE BOOKS

p.329 BYTE BACK ISSUES

p.329 BYTE BACK ISSUES

p.396 BYTE SUB

p.396 BYTE SUB

p.396 BYTE WATS

p.396 BYTE WATS

p.12 CADO SYSTEMS

p.12 CADO SYSTEMS

p.432 CALIF DATA CORP

p.432 CALIF DATA CORP

p.21 CALIF COMP SYS

p.21 CALIF COMP SYS

p.448 p.449 CALIF DIGITAL

p.448 p.449 CALIF DIGITAL

p.335 CAMEO DATA SYS INC

p.335 CAMEO DATA SYS INC

p.377 CAVRI SYSTEMS INC

p.377 CAVRI SYSTEMS INC

p.436 CCB MACHINE PROD

p.436 CCB MACHINE PROD

p.351 CENTEC CORP

p.351 CENTEC CORP

p.315 CENTRAL DATA CORP

p.315 CENTRAL DATA CORP

p.79 CENTRONICS

p.79 CENTRONICS

p.349 CFR ASSOC INC

p.349 CFR ASSOC INC

p.20 CHATSWORTH DATA CORP

p.20 CHATSWORTH DATA CORP

p.434 CHIPS & DALE

p.434 CHIPS & DALE

p.273 p.325 CHRISLIN INDUSTRIES

p.273 p.325 CHRISLIN INDUSTRIES

p.404 COMMODORE BUSN MACH

p.404 COMMODORE BUSN MACH

p.432 COMMUNICATION CABLE

p.432 COMMUNICATION CABLE

p.251 COMP-U-CON

p.251 COMP-U-CON

p.201 COMPILER SYS INC

p.201 COMPILER SYS INC

p.124 p.125 COMPUMART

p.124 p.125 COMPUMART

p.156 p.157 COMPUSERVE

p.156 p.157 COMPUSERVE

p.442 COMPUSERVE SYS

p.442 COMPUSERVE SYS

p.365 COMPUTER AGE

p.365 COMPUTER AGE

p.343 COMPUTER CASE CO

p.343 COMPUTER CASE CO

p.95 COMPUTER CITY CANADA

p.95 COMPUTER CITY CANADA

p.300 COMPUTER CO OF AM

p.300 COMPUTER CO OF AM

p.347 COMPUTER CROSSROADS

p.347 COMPUTER CROSSROADS

p.458 COMPUTER DESIGNS

p.458 COMPUTER DESIGNS

p.374 COMPUTER DISC OF AM

p.374 COMPUTER DISC OF AM

p.186 COMPUTER EXCHANGE

p.186 COMPUTER EXCHANGE

p.233 COMPUTER FACTORY

p.233 COMPUTER FACTORY

p.440 COMPUTER FORMS

p.440 COMPUTER FORMS

p.198 COMPUTER FURN & ACCSS

p.198 COMPUTER FURN & ACCSS

p.174 COMPUTER MAILORDER

p.174 COMPUTER MAILORDER

p.438 COMPUTER MART

p.438 COMPUTER MART

p.197 COMPUTER REFRNCE GDE

p.197 COMPUTER REFRNCE GDE

p.442 COMPUTER SHOPPER

p.442 COMPUTER SHOPPER

p.100 p.101 COMPUTER SPCLTIES

p.100 p.101 COMPUTER SPCLTIES

p.423 COMPUTER STOP, THE

p.423 COMPUTER STOP, THE

p.370 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

p.370 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

p.252 COMPUTER WRHSE-HI

p.252 COMPUTER WRHSE-HI

p.109 COMPUTER WRHSE

p.109 COMPUTER WRHSE

p.224 p.90 p.304 COMPUTERS ETC

p.224 p.90 p.304 COMPUTERS ETC

p.442 COMPUTERS PLUS

p.442 COMPUTERS PLUS

p.222 COMPUTERS WHOLESALE

p.222 COMPUTERS WHOLESALE

p.442 COMPUTERIST, THE

p.442 COMPUTERIST, THE

p.363 COMPUTERWARE

p.363 COMPUTERWARE

p.182 COMPUTEX CORP

p.182 COMPUTEX CORP

p.67 COMPUVIEW PROD INC

p.67 COMPUVIEW PROD INC

p.428 CONCORD COMP PROD

p.428 CONCORD COMP PROD

p.112 p.113 CONSUMER COMP

p.112 p.113 CONSUMER COMP

p.73 CORVUS SYS INC

p.73 CORVUS SYS INC

p.298 COVER CRAFT

p.298 COVER CRAFT

p.394 CPM USERS GRP

p.394 CPM USERS GRP

p.425 CPU SHOP, THE

p.425 CPU SHOP, THE

p.438 CREATIVE SOFTWARE

p.438 CREATIVE SOFTWARE

p.1 p.2 CROMEMCO

p.1 p.2 CROMEMCO

p.45 CRYSTAL COMPUTER

p.45 CRYSTAL COMPUTER

p.326 CYBER INNOVATIONS

p.326 CYBER INNOVATIONS

p.357 CYBERNETICS INC

p.357 CYBERNETICS INC

p.271 D-G ELEC DEV CO

p.271 D-G ELEC DEV CO

p.142 DATA DISCOUNT CTR

p.142 DATA DISCOUNT CTR

p.438 DATA HARDWARE

p.438 DATA HARDWARE

p.162 DATALEX COMPANY, THE

p.162 DATALEX COMPANY, THE

p.371 DATASEARCH

p.371 DATASEARCH

p.63 DATASOUTH COMP CORP

p.63 DATASOUTH COMP CORP

p.283 DELTA PRODUCTS

p.283 DELTA PRODUCTS

p.70 p.71 DENVER SFTW CO, THE

p.70 p.71 DENVER SFTW CO, THE

p.143 DESIGNER SOFTWARE

p.143 DESIGNER SOFTWARE

p.341 DIGIACCORP

p.341 DIGIACCORP

p.317 DIGICOMP RESRCH CORP

p.317 DIGICOMP RESRCH CORP

p.440 DIGITAL DATA SYS

p.440 DIGITAL DATA SYS

p.352 DIGITAL GRAPHIC SYS

p.352 DIGITAL GRAPHIC SYS

p.6 p.209 DIGITAL MARKETING

p.6 p.209 DIGITAL MARKETING

p.69 DIGITAL RESEARCH

p.69 DIGITAL RESEARCH

p.431 DIGITAL RESEARCH COMP

p.431 DIGITAL RESEARCH COMP

p.255 DIP INC

p.255 DIP INC

p.329 DISC/3 MART INC

p.329 DISC/3 MART INC

p.359 DISCOUNT SFTW GRP, THE

p.359 DISCOUNT SFTW GRP, THE

p.155 DJ "AI" SYS LTD

p.155 DJ "AI" SYS LTD

p.178 DMA

p.178 DMA

p.31 DOW JONES

p.31 DOW JONES

p.131 DUAL SYS CONTROL CORP

p.131 DUAL SYS CONTROL CORP

p.351 DYMARC INDUSTR INC

p.351 DYMARC INDUSTR INC

(p.CIII) DYNABYTE BUSN COMP

(p.CIII) DYNABYTE BUSN COMP

p.181 DYNACOMP

p.181 DYNACOMP

p.438 EAST COAST COMP

p.438 EAST COAST COMP

p.341 ECOSOFT

p.341 ECOSOFT

p.432 ELECTROVALUE IND

p.432 ELECTROVALUE IND

p.430 ELECTROLABS

p.430 ELECTROLABS

p.254 ELECTRONIC CONTROL

p.254 ELECTRONIC CONTROL

p.94 ELECTRONIC DESIGN

p.94 ELECTRONIC DESIGN

p.353 ELECTRONIC SPECIALISTS

p.353 ELECTRONIC SPECIALISTS

p.424 ELECTRONICS CENTER

p.424 ELECTRONICS CENTER

p.230 ELLIS COMPUTING

p.230 ELLIS COMPUTING

p.299 EPSON AMERICA

p.299 EPSON AMERICA

p.434 ERGONOMIC SFTW INC

p.434 ERGONOMIC SFTW INC

p.160 ESCON

p.160 ESCON

p.214 ESSEX PUBL

p.214 ESSEX PUBL

p.129 EXECUTIVE BUSN SYS

p.129 EXECUTIVE BUSN SYS

p.406 FEC LTD

p.406 FEC LTD

p.375 FAIRCOM

p.375 FAIRCOM

p.345 FARNSWORTH COMP CTR

p.345 FARNSWORTH COMP CTR

p.326 FEITH SOFTWARE

p.326 FEITH SOFTWARE

p.132 FIBERFAB INC

p.132 FIBERFAB INC

p.426 FORDHAM

p.426 FORDHAM

p.359 FREDERICK COMP PROD

p.359 FREDERICK COMP PROD

p.458 GEOTEC

p.458 GEOTEC

p.114 p.432 GIMIX INC

p.114 p.432 GIMIX INC

p.211 GODBOUT ELECTR

p.211 GODBOUT ELECTR

p.274 GORDON, MARK COMPS

p.274 GORDON, MARK COMPS

p.217 p.219 p.221 H & E COMPUTRONICS

p.217 p.219 p.221 H & E COMPUTRONICS

p.437 HANLEY ENGINEERING

p.437 HANLEY ENGINEERING

p.405 HARRIS CORP

p.405 HARRIS CORP

p.331 p.339 HAYDEN BOOK CO INC

p.331 p.339 HAYDEN BOOK CO INC

p.111 HAYES MICROCOMP PROD

p.111 HAYES MICROCOMP PROD

p.103 HEATH COMPANY

p.103 HEATH COMPANY

p.121 HEI INC

p.121 HEI INC

p.307 HEMENWAY ASSOC

p.307 HEMENWAY ASSOC

p.383 HEURISTICS

p.383 HEURISTICS

p.10 HIGH TECHNOLOGY INC

p.10 HIGH TECHNOLOGY INC

p.135 HOUSTON INSTRUMENTS

p.135 HOUSTON INSTRUMENTS

p.34 HW ELECTRONICS

p.34 HW ELECTRONICS

p.403 ICC BUSN RESEARCH

p.403 ICC BUSN RESEARCH

p.442 IMAGE PROCESSING SYS

p.442 IMAGE PROCESSING SYS

p.17 IMS INTERNATIONAL

p.17 IMS INTERNATIONAL

p.381 INFOSOFT SYSTEMS INC

p.381 INFOSOFT SYSTEMS INC

p.365 IN MAC

p.365 IN MAC

p.351 INNOVATIVE PROD

p.351 INNOVATIVE PROD

p.166 INNOVATIVE SFTW APPL

p.166 INNOVATIVE SFTW APPL

p.440 INTEC

p.440 INTEC

p.93 INTEGRAL DATA SYS

p.93 INTEGRAL DATA SYS

p.357 INTEGRAND

p.357 INTEGRAND

p.116 p.117 INTERACTIVE BUSN

p.116 p.117 INTERACTIVE BUSN

p.343 INTERACTIVE STRUCT

p.343 INTERACTIVE STRUCT

p.65 INTERTEC DATA SYS

p.65 INTERTEC DATA SYS

p.434 INTLGNT DEVICES MN

p.434 INTLGNT DEVICES MN

p.438 IPEX INT'L

p.438 IPEX INT'L

p.8 p.9 ITHACA INTERSYSTEMS

p.8 p.9 ITHACA INTERSYSTEMS

p.452 p.453 JADE COMP PROD

p.452 p.453 JADE COMP PROD

p.450 p.451 JAM ECO ELECTR

p.450 p.451 JAM ECO ELECTR

p.443 JDR MICRODEVICES

p.443 JDR MICRODEVICES

p.430 JR INVENTORY CO

p.430 JR INVENTORY CO

p.406 KLO-FOX

p.406 KLO-FOX

p.75 KONAN CORP

p.75 KONAN CORP

p.369 LABORATORY MICROSYS

p.369 LABORATORY MICROSYS

p.337 LEADING EDGE PROD

p.337 LEADING EDGE PROD

p.363 p.440 LEAPAC SERVICES

p.363 p.440 LEAPAC SERVICES

p.218 LEO ELECTRONICS

p.218 LEO ELECTRONICS

p.411 p.319 LIFEBOAT ASSOC

p.411 p.319 LIFEBOAT ASSOC

p.223 LIFELINES

p.223 LIFELINES

p.199 LNW RESEARCH

p.199 LNW RESEARCH

p.87 LOBO DRIVES INTL

p.87 LOBO DRIVES INTL

p.376 LOGICAL DEVICES

p.376 LOGICAL DEVICES

p.195 LOGO COMP SYS

p.195 LOGO COMP SYS

p.341 LOMAS DATA PRODUCTS

p.341 LOMAS DATA PRODUCTS

p.436 LYBEN COMP SYS

p.436 LYBEN COMP SYS

p.432 p.438 MACROTRONICS

p.432 p.438 MACROTRONICS

p.432 MAGNOLIA MICROSYS

p.432 MAGNOLIA MICROSYS

p.13 MALIBU ELECTR CORP

p.13 MALIBU ELECTR CORP

p.342 MANN, CHARLES & ASSOC

p.342 MANN, CHARLES & ASSOC

p.355 MARATHON COMP SYS

p.355 MARATHON COMP SYS

p.179 MARK OF THE UNICORN

p.179 MARK OF THE UNICORN

p.372 MARKET LINE SYS INC

p.372 MARKET LINE SYS INC

p.205 MAROT SFTW SYS INC

p.205 MAROT SFTW SYS INC

p.353 MARYMAC INDUSTRIES

p.353 MARYMAC INDUSTRIES

p.373 MCGRAW-HILL BOOKS

p.373 MCGRAW-HILL BOOKS

p.22 p.23 MEAS SYS & CONTROLS

p.22 p.23 MEAS SYS & CONTROLS

p.408 METATECHNOLOGIES

p.408 METATECHNOLOGIES

p.260 p.349 META TECHNOLOGIES

p.260 p.349 META TECHNOLOGIES

p.159 MICRO AGE COMP STORE

p.159 MICRO AGE COMP STORE

p.158 MICRO BUSINESS WORLD

p.158 MICRO BUSINESS WORLD

p.309 MICRO COM

p.309 MICRO COM

p.383 MICROCOMP DISC CO

p.383 MICROCOMP DISC CO

p.171 MICRO DATA BASE SYS

p.171 MICRO DATA BASE SYS

p.434 MICRO DESIGN

p.434 MICRO DESIGN

p.133 MICRO FOCUS LTD

p.133 MICRO FOCUS LTD

p.202 p.203 MICRO HOUSE

p.202 p.203 MICRO HOUSE

p.458 MICRO MAGAZINE

p.458 MICRO MAGAZINE

p.436 MICRO METRIC

p.436 MICRO METRIC

p.177 MICRO MIKE'S

p.177 MICRO MIKE'S

p.458 MICRO MINT

p.458 MICRO MINT

p.107 MICRO PRO INT'L

p.107 MICRO PRO INT'L

p.81 MICRO SCI

p.81 MICRO SCI

p.170 MICRO WORKS, THE

p.170 MICRO WORKS, THE

p.239 MICROBYTE

p.239 MICROBYTE

p.270 MICROBYTE/EXT PROCSS

p.270 MICROBYTE/EXT PROCSS

p.323 MICROCOMP TECH INC

p.323 MICROCOMP TECH INC

p.310 MICROCOMPEQUIP

p.310 MICROCOMPEQUIP

p.97 MICRODASYS

p.97 MICRODASYS

p.366 MICROMAIL

p.366 MICROMAIL

p.92 MICROMATE ELECTR INC

p.92 MICROMATE ELECTR INC

p.375 MICROSETTE INC

p.375 MICROSETTE INC

p.25 MICROSOFT (CPD)

p.25 MICROSOFT (CPD)

p.362 MICROTECH EXPORTS

p.362 MICROTECH EXPORTS

p.303 MICROTEK INC

p.303 MICROTEK INC

p.297 MICROTEK PERIPH CORP

p.297 MICROTEK PERIPH CORP

p.333 MICROWARE

p.333 MICROWARE

p.347 MIDWST COMP PERPH

p.347 MIDWST COMP PERPH

p.426 MIKOS

p.426 MIKOS

p.374 MILLER MICROCOMP SERV

p.374 MILLER MICROCOMP SERV

p.349 MINI COMP SUPPLIERS

p.349 MINI COMP SUPPLIERS

p.459 p.460 p.461 MINI MICRO MART

p.459 p.460 p.461 MINI MICRO MART

p.19 MOUNTAIN COMPUTER

p.19 MOUNTAIN COMPUTER

p.361 MOUNTAIN VIEW PRESS

p.361 MOUNTAIN VIEW PRESS

p.301 MPI

p.301 MPI

p.276 MTI INC

p.276 MTI INC

p.322 MULLEN COMP PROD

p.322 MULLEN COMP PROD

p.376 MULTI BUSN COMP INC

p.376 MULTI BUSN COMP INC

p.43 MUSYS

p.43 MUSYS

p.154 NEBS

p.154 NEBS

p.206 p.207 NEECO

p.206 p.207 NEECO

p.134 p.136 p.138 p.347 NETRONICS

p.134 p.136 p.138 p.347 NETRONICS

p.277 NORTHERN TECH BOOKS

p.277 NORTHERN TECH BOOKS

p.266 p.267 NY COMP EXPO

p.266 p.267 NY COMP EXPO

p.355 OHIO DATA PROD CORP

p.355 OHIO DATA PROD CORP

(p.CIV) OHIO SCIENTIFIC INSTR

(p.CIV) OHIO SCIENTIFIC INSTR

p.77 OKIDATACORP

p.77 OKIDATACORP

p.329 OLYMPIC SALES

p.329 OLYMPIC SALES

p.378 OMEGA MICRO COMPUTER

p.378 OMEGA MICRO COMPUTER

p.130 OMEGA RESEARCH

p.130 OMEGA RESEARCH

p.242 p.243 OMEGA SALES

p.242 p.243 OMEGA SALES

p.232 OMIKRON

p.232 OMIKRON

p.417 ONCOMPUTING

p.417 ONCOMPUTING

p.172 p.173 p.189 ORANGE MICRO

p.172 p.173 p.189 ORANGE MICRO

p.85 OREGON SOFTWARE

p.85 OREGON SOFTWARE

p.126 ORTHOCODE GROUP

p.126 ORTHOCODE GROUP

p.53 OSBORNE COMPUTERS

p.53 OSBORNE COMPUTERS

p.368 OSBORNE/MCGRAW-HILL

p.368 OSBORNE/MCGRAW-HILL

p.265 p.458 OSM COMP

p.265 p.458 OSM COMP

p.84 p.228 p.229 OWENS ASSOC

p.84 p.228 p.229 OWENS ASSOC

p.118 PACIFIC COMP BRK

p.118 PACIFIC COMP BRK

p.231 p.432 p.436 p.442 PACIFIC EXCHANGES

p.231 p.432 p.436 p.442 PACIFIC EXCHANGES

p.419 PAGE DIGITAL

p.419 PAGE DIGITAL

p.291 PALOMAR COMP EQUIP

p.291 PALOMAR COMP EQUIP

p.257 PAN AM WORLD AIRWAYS

p.257 PAN AM WORLD AIRWAYS

p.424 PAN AMERICAN ELEC INC

p.424 PAN AMERICAN ELEC INC

p.249 PAPER TRACTOR

p.249 PAPER TRACTOR

p.438 PASSWORD DISTR

p.438 PASSWORD DISTR

p.432 PC NEWSLETTER

p.432 PC NEWSLETTER

p.24 PCD SYSTEMS INC

p.24 PCD SYSTEMS INC

p.440 PELICAN PROGRAMS

p.440 PELICAN PROGRAMS

p.7 p.35 p.263 PERCOM DATA

p.7 p.35 p.263 PERCOM DATA

p.458 PERSONAL COMP SERV

p.458 PERSONAL COMP SERV

p.380 PERSONAL COMP SYS

p.380 PERSONAL COMP SYS

p.28 p.29 PERSONAL SOFTWARE

p.28 p.29 PERSONAL SOFTWARE

p.311 PHASE ONE SYS INC

p.311 PHASE ONE SYS INC

p.220 PICKLES & TROUT

p.220 PICKLES & TROUT

p.105 POWER ONE INC

p.105 POWER ONE INC

p.382 PRENTICE CORP

p.382 PRENTICE CORP

p.64 PRINTACOLOR

p.64 PRINTACOLOR

p.454 p.455 p.456 p.457 PRIORITY ONE

p.454 p.455 p.456 p.457 PRIORITY ONE

p.348 PROF AIDS

p.348 PROF AIDS

p.438 PROF COMP STORE

p.438 PROF COMP STORE

p.364 PURCHASING AGENT, THE

p.364 PURCHASING AGENT, THE

p.377 p.434 QUALITY COMP PARTS

p.377 p.434 QUALITY COMP PARTS

p.345 QUALITY SOFTWARE

p.345 QUALITY SOFTWARE

p.237 QUASAR DATA PROD INC

p.237 QUASAR DATA PROD INC

p.215 QUAY CORP

p.215 QUAY CORP

p.433 QUEST ELECTR

p.433 QUEST ELECTR

p.376 RC ELECTRONICS

p.376 RC ELECTRONICS

p.238 RACET COMPUTES

p.238 RACET COMPUTES

p.15 RADIOSHACK

p.15 RADIOSHACK

p.354 RADIO SHACK-GLNW SPR

p.354 RADIO SHACK-GLNW SPR

p.360 RAINBOW COMPUTING INC

p.360 RAINBOW COMPUTING INC

p.26 RCA SOLID STATE

p.26 RCA SOLID STATE

p.458 RED ARROW ELECTR

p.458 RED ARROW ELECTR

p.123 REDDOX CORP

p.123 REDDOX CORP

p.329 ROBOTICS AGE

p.329 ROBOTICS AGE

p.168 ROCHESTER DATA

p.168 ROCHESTER DATA

p.169 p.187 ROCKWELL INT'L

p.169 p.187 ROCKWELL INT'L

p.200 S & M SYSTEMS

p.200 S & M SYSTEMS

p.357 SC DIGITAL

p.357 SC DIGITAL

p.361 S-100 INC

p.361 S-100 INC

p.5 SCION CORP

p.5 SCION CORP

p.328 p.381 SCITRONICS

p.328 p.381 SCITRONICS

p.184 SCOTTSDALE SYSTEMS

p.184 SCOTTSDALE SYSTEMS

p.137 SD SYSTEMS

p.137 SD SYSTEMS

p.99 SEATTLE COMP PRODS

p.99 SEATTLE COMP PRODS

p.245 SELECT INFO SYS

p.245 SELECT INFO SYS

p.163 SIERRA NATIONAL

p.163 SIERRA NATIONAL

p.51 SINCLAIR RESEARCH

p.51 SINCLAIR RESEARCH

p.442 SLUDER

p.442 SLUDER

p.161 SMOKE SIGNAL BRDCSTG

p.161 SMOKE SIGNAL BRDCSTG

p.458 SOFT-TOOLS

p.458 SOFT-TOOLS

p.295 SOFTECH

p.295 SOFTECH

p.432 SOFTWORX INC

p.432 SOFTWORX INC

p.226 SOLID STATE SALES

p.226 SOLID STATE SALES

p.440 SOLID STATE SURPLUS

p.440 SOLID STATE SURPLUS

p.355 p.371 SORRENTO VALLEY ASSOC

p.355 p.371 SORRENTO VALLEY ASSOC

p.370 SOUTHERN COMP SYS

p.370 SOUTHERN COMP SYS

p.439 SOUTHERN SEMICNDTRS

p.439 SOUTHERN SEMICNDTRS

(p.CII) SOUTHWEST TECH PROD

(p.CII) SOUTHWEST TECH PROD

p.281 SPECTRUM SOFTWARE

p.281 SPECTRUM SOFTWARE

p.11 SSM MICRO COMP PROD

p.11 SSM MICRO COMP PROD

p.458 STARBUCK DATA CO

p.458 STARBUCK DATA CO

p.55 STRUCTURED SYS GROUP

p.55 STRUCTURED SYS GROUP

p.316 SUBLOGIC

p.316 SUBLOGIC

p.428 SUNNY INTL

p.428 SUNNY INTL

p.147 SUPER STAR INT'L

p.147 SUPER STAR INT'L

p.30 p.48 p.152 p.367 SUPERSOFT

p.30 p.48 p.152 p.367 SUPERSOFT

p.165 SYBEX

p.165 SYBEX

p.96 SYNCHRO SOUND

p.96 SYNCHRO SOUND

p.14 SYSTEMS INTERFACE CONS

p.14 SYSTEMS INTERFACE CONS

p.247 SYSTEMS PLUS

p.247 SYSTEMS PLUS

p.440 SZ SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

p.440 SZ SOFTWARE SYSTEMS

p.167 TARBELL ELECTR

p.167 TARBELL ELECTR

p.359 p.440 TARCO DEVELPMT CORP

p.359 p.440 TARCO DEVELPMT CORP

p.442 TECH MICRO SYS

p.442 TECH MICRO SYS

p.406 TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS

p.406 TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS

p.91 TECHNICAL SYS CONSUL

p.91 TECHNICAL SYS CONSUL

p.275 TECMAR INC

p.275 TECMAR INC

p.287 TEI INC

p.287 TEI INC

p.362 TERRAPIN INC

p.362 TERRAPIN INC

p.365 TEXAS COMP SYS

p.365 TEXAS COMP SYS

p.227 THUNDERWARE

p.227 THUNDERWARE

p.120 TINNEY, RBT GRAPHICS

p.120 TINNEY, RBT GRAPHICS

p.234 TNW CORP

p.234 TNW CORP

p.436 TOOLSMITH,THE

p.436 TOOLSMITH,THE

p.326 TOTAL INFORMATION SVC

p.326 TOTAL INFORMATION SVC

p.344 TRANS NET CORP

p.344 TRANS NET CORP

p.27 TRANSWAVE CORP

p.27 TRANSWAVE CORP

p.180 TSE/HARDSIDE

p.180 TSE/HARDSIDE

p.279 p.444 p.445 US MICRO SALES

p.279 p.444 p.445 US MICRO SALES

p.235 US ROBOTICS

p.235 US ROBOTICS

p.148 p.149 p.150 UNITED SFTW AM

p.148 p.149 p.150 UNITED SFTW AM

p.354 UNIV OF SOUTHERN CA

p.354 UNIV OF SOUTHERN CA

p.32 URBAN SFTW CORP

p.32 URBAN SFTW CORP

p.259 VANDATA

p.259 VANDATA

p.49 VECTOR GRAPHICS

p.49 VECTOR GRAPHICS

p.128 VERTICAL DATA SYS INC

p.128 VERTICAL DATA SYS INC

p.190 VEYTEC INC

p.190 VEYTEC INC

p.289 VIDEX

p.289 VIDEX

p.183 VISTA COMPUTER CO

p.183 VISTA COMPUTER CO

p.361 VOICETEK

p.361 VOICETEK

p.89 VOTRAX

p.89 VOTRAX

p.415 WASHINGTON COMP SERV

p.415 WASHINGTON COMP SERV

p.139 p.369 WESTICO INC

p.139 p.369 WESTICO INC

p.33 WHITE COMP SYS

p.33 WHITE COMP SYS

p.141 WHITESMITH'S LTD

p.141 WHITESMITH'S LTD

p.185 WICAT SYSTEMS

p.185 WICAT SYSTEMS

p.293 WILD HARE COMP SYS

p.293 WILD HARE COMP SYS

p.440 WINTEK CORP

p.440 WINTEK CORP

p.353 WINTERHALTER & ASSOC

p.353 WINTERHALTER & ASSOC

p.427 WW COMPONENT SUPPLY

p.427 WW COMPONENT SUPPLY

p.442 WW ELECTR

p.442 WW ELECTR

p.376 XPS INC

p.376 XPS INC

p.434 ZENRAD CONTROLS

p.434 ZENRAD CONTROLS

p.83 ZOBEX

p.83 ZOBEX