1980 6.01 1982

Vol.6 n°1 january 1981

Vol.6 n°1 january 1981

(byte_1981_01.jpg)

[editor : Christopher Morgan] [publisher : Virginia Londoner, Gordon R Williamson, John E Hayes] #Magazine

p.4 In This Issue

p.4 In This Issue

#Abstract

This month's cover photograph by Ed Crabtree highlights three examples of a new phenomenon in the personal computer field: the HHC (hand-held computer). Shown are (from top to bottom): the Panasonic HHC; the Quasar HHC; and the Radio Shack HHC. All three units are discussed in this issue. Other articles this month describe two other miniature computers: the Sinclair ZX80 and the Hewlett-Packard HP-41C.

Elsewhere in this issue, Steve Ciarcia describes electromagnetic interference; we describe some of the exciting capabilities of Atari graphics; and we review an intriguing new Japanese computer: the NEC 8001; plus a new regular section of hardware and software reviews.

p.6 Editorial: Hand-Held Computers

p.6 Editorial: Hand-Held Computers

[author : Chris Morgan] #Edito

Extract : «  There's a new trend in personal computing today — the HHC (hand-held computer). For years computer aficionados have dreamed of a computer small enough to fit in one's pocket, yet powerful enough to do the sorts of jobs that full-size microcomputers do today.

Amazingly enough, the dream is coming true. There are now no less than four models (the Radio Shack/Sharp, the Panasonic/Quasar, the Hewlett- Packard HP-41C, and the Sinclair ZX80) that fall roughly into the ultra-small computer category. One might quibble with calling the HP-41C a "computer" rather than a programmable calculator, but it has all the necessary elements to qualify: memory, processor, I/O (input/output), and a full line of peripherals. Each of these computers is discussed in this issue.

Among the new crop of HHCs, the Panasonic /Quasar (reviewed on page 34) is perhaps the most impressive in terms of engineering innovations; it sports some features that many full-size personal computers don't have, such as the ability to run for long periods from battery power alone — an impressive achievement when you realize that the unit uses, not a CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) processor, but a standard 6502! It also has such niceties as user-definable keys, a built-in real-time clock, uninterruptible storage of user programs, and the ability to produce color images on a color television (with the addition of an optional interface unit). [...]  »

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Features

Features

p.18 An Introduction to Atari Graphics

p.18 An Introduction to Atari Graphics

Learning to use the Atari display list can help to unleash the full power of Atari's custom LSI video integrated Circuits.

[author : Chris Crawford and Lane Winner] #Graphics #Listing #BASIC

Extract : «  The Atari 400 and 800 are second-generation personal computers. In addition to the normal memory and processor integrated circuits, they contain three special- purpose LSI (large-scale integrated) circuits which make them capable of many feats of computing legerdemain. Most of this power, however, lies brooding beneath many layers of "human engineering." The beginning programmer working in BASIC is paternalistically protected from the complexities and power of the beast within. The more experienced programmer seeking cybernetic high adventure must first defeat the friendliness engineered into the machine to unleash its throbbing brute power. Without help, this can be most difficult. We will act as native guides for one region of this complex machine: the display list. We will show you how to generate flashy displays by creating you own display list and redefining the character set. [...]  »

p.34 The Panasonic and Quasar Hand-Held Computers: Beginning a New Generation of Consumer Computers

p.34 The Panasonic and Quasar Hand-Held Computers: Beginning a New Generation of Consumer Computers

This full-function computer fits in your hand and weighs 14 ounces.

[author : Gregg Williams and Rick Meyer] #ComputerPortable #Review

Extract : «  Arthur C Clarke talked about them in his futuristic novel Imperial Earth. Jerry Pournelle and Larry Niven talked about them in The Mote in God's Eye. The subject is hand-held computers that can run programs, remind you of upcoming appointments, and serve as portable intermediaries between you and large, immobile, mainframe computers. Are they still science fiction? No, the hand-held computer is here — and for less than the price of some color televisions.

The HHC (hand-held computer) is a device about the size of a standard paperback book with two inches added to its longest dimension (see photo 1). Its weight is under a pound, yet it has the capabilities (when extended with portable peripherals) to do anything that existing personal computers do. The device, developed jointly by the Japanese corporation Matsushita (pronounced matSOOSH-ta) and Friends Amis of San Francisco, is being marketed in America by Panasonic and Quasar. Photographs in this article show both the Quasar and the Panasonic versions. [...]  »

p.48 Electromagnetic Interference

p.48 Electromagnetic Interference

Interfering electrical noise must be dealt with according to its mode of transmission.

[author : Steve Ciarcia] #Electronic

Extract : «  You may have noticed that certain household appliances such as a microwave oven or tools such as a power saw affect television reception when they are running. This television interference, or TVI, is caused by the electromagnetic energy which is radiated when these electrical devices are in use. The general term used to describe such noise is EMI (electromagnetic interference).

EMI emanates from both natural and artificial sources. Natural terrestrial EMI sources include lightning discharges, precipitation, and storms. Man-made EMI can come from electrical-power systems, rotating electrical machinery, gaseous-discharge systems, and electronic equipment such as radar, computers, and television transmitters. Natural EMI is usually beyond man's control, and attempts to reduce it must be centered on the susceptible equipment. Man-made EMI, on the other hand, can be suppressed at the source — this is the most satisfactory way to eliminate interference. [...]  »

p.72 The NEC PC-8001: A New Japanese Personal Computer

p.72 The NEC PC-8001: A New Japanese Personal Computer

This popular Japanese personal computer may soon be sold in the United States.

[author : Michael Keith and C P Kocher] #ComputerDesktop #Review

Extract : «  One of the products attracting a lot of attention at the 1980 NCC (National Computer Conference) in Anaheim, California was the PC-8001 personal computer produced by NEC (Nippon Electric Company). Because this well-made little machine has been selling briskly in Japan, NEC was trying to gauge consumer reactions to the PC-8001 that would aid them in deciding whether or not to sell it in the US.

This article is based on our evaluation of a PC-8001 that some colleagues purchased in Japan. When we first received it, we were bewildered because all the instructions and documentation were in Japanese (with only the BASIC commands in English). After several months of poking, playing, and progamming, some syllabie-by-syllable transliterations of the katakana (a Japanese syllabary) instruction manual, and a few puzzled visits to Hiro, a Japanese-American co-worker, we believe that we have a good understanding of the PC-8001's most important features, its strong points, and its limitations. [...]  »

p.148 Generating Bar Code in the Hewlett-Packard Format

p.148 Generating Bar Code in the Hewlett-Packard Format

Bar code provides a cheap, easily reproduced, mass-storage medium that encourages the publication of software.

[author : Thomas McNeal] #Encoding #Listing #HP #BASIC

Extract : «  The HP-41C is Hewlett-Packard's newest entry in the hand-held programmable calculator race. The main feature that distinguishes it from Hewlett-Packard's earlier calculators is its modular design, which allows the HP-41C to be extended by a line of peripheral devices. Up to four peripherals can be plugged into the calculator, and these include a magnetic card reader, a thermal printer, memory modules to increase the amount of memory available to the user, and "application pacs" that contain software for particular applications in read-only-memory module form. In addition, Hewlett-Packard has introduced the 82153A Optical Reader (also called a Wand), which is capable of reading bar codes that contain HP-41C programs, data, or function definitions.

This article describes the HP-41C bar-code format and includes a BASIC program that converts an HP-41C program into a series of bar-code rows that can be printed using a high-quality printer with incremental spacing.  »

p.226 The Picture-Perfect Apple

p.226 The Picture-Perfect Apple

This driver software allows your printer to transcribe the high-resolution graphics of the Apple II personal computer.

[author : Phil Roybal] #Software #Algorithm #Graphics

Extract : «  A picture is worth a thousand words. And it was the capability of representing information in pictures that initially attracted me to the Apple II computer.

But images on a screen can be too personal an experience. Often no one else sees them. It would be great if there were a way to transcribe these images so that others could also appreciate them. There is a way to do it, and this article tells how. [...]  »

p.238 Micrograph, Part 3: Software and Operation

p.238 Micrograph, Part 3: Software and Operation

Part 3 concludes this series with a description of Micrographs powerful software and instruction-set usage.

[author : E Grady Booch] #Listing #Assembly #Algorithm #Graphics

Extract : «  Some background on interactive computer-graphics systems was presented in Part 1. In Part 2, a description was given of the hardware for a low-cost color-graphics display processor, called Micrograph, which interfaces to a microcomputer as an intelligent peripheral device. In this, the third and final part, you will become familiar with the software for Micrograph, which implements the display-processor instruction set introduced in Part 1, and be given instructions for operating the system. [...]  »

p.318 Whose BASIC Does What?

p.318 Whose BASIC Does What?

Knowing the differences between the six most popular BASICs is essential.

[author : Teri Li] #BASIC #Overview

Extract : «  Many articles have been written about the various new personal computers now on the market, including the Atari 400 and 800 and the Texas Instruments (TI) 99/4, but few have tried to compare these newer units against the most popular computers.

Because of this, I have decided to do a comparison of the four most popular computers (Apple II, Commodore PET, Exidy Sorcerer, and the Radio Shack TRS-80 Model I) against the TI 99/4 and the Atari 400 and 800. (The BASIC is the same for both the Atari 400 and 800.) To make this as fair as possible, I have compared only the computers that come with versions of BASIC supplied with the machines in ROM (read-only memory) at the time of purchase, without extended hardware (such as disk drives). [...]  »

Reviews

Reviews

p.94 The Sinclair Research ZX80

p.94 The Sinclair Research ZX80

[author : John C McCallum] #ComputerDesktop #Review #Book

Extract : «  The new ZX80 microcomputer from Sinclair Research Ltd is a remarkable device. Although first announced to the North American public in February, 1980, the microcomputer did not become available until the fall. During the wait, the price has dropped from the expected $245 to just under $200. Because of this, the ZX80 is being widely advertised as the first personal computer for under $200.

The ZX80, shown in photo 1, is a new design from Clive Sinclair, a well-known British electronics innovator. Sinclair is best known for his previous products: a miniature television, low-cost calculator and digital watch kits, and miniature stereo components. All of his products have stressed small size, low cost, and highquality operation — usually at the expense of packaging. The same is true of the ZX80. [...]

The ZX80 might be summarized as a high-performance, very low-cost, portable personal computer system. It is best used for home or school use in learning the concepts of programming. When the memory-expansion and floating-point-BASIC modules become available (see the "New Sinclair Modules" text box), it will also be good for low-cost mathematical, scientific, and engineering applications. If you are looking for your own home computer, the ZX80 is a good starting point.  »

p.118 The HP-41C: A Literate Calculator?

p.118 The HP-41C: A Literate Calculator?

[author : Brian P Hayes] #ComputerPortable #Review

Extract : «  Calculator vs Computer

The computer and the programmable calculator seem to be following paths of convergent evolution. As the one is made smaller while the other gains in capability, the line of demarcation between them becomes more and more arbitrary. For now at least, the programmable calculator remains a distinct and lesser species, but it shares many of the attributes of the computer. Moreover, the shared attributes are chiefly the ones that make the computer an interesting machine. Both devices offer an intimate acquaintance with the powers and pleasures of algorithms. Both exhibit an enigmatic unpredictability: the response of the machine to any given stimulus is wholly deterministic, yet the behavior of a large program can be full of surprises, often to the frustration of the programmer.

The HP-41C, which was introduced by the HewlettPackard Company about a year ago, is among the programmable calculators that lie closest to the computer borderline. It comes close enough for the jargon of computers to be useful in describing it. At the Corvallis Division of Hewlett-Packard, where the HP-41C is made, they refer to the calculator itself as the "mainframe" and to its accessory devices as the "peripherals." The calculator comes equipped with four input/output (I/O) ports, through which the various elements of the system are interconnected. Because the peripherals do some data processing internally, the system might even be said to have "distributed intelligence."

When compared with a computer, most programmable calculators have a rich instruction set, but they are deficient in memory capacity and in facilities for communication with the user. A calculator comes with such amenities as trigonometric, logarithmic, and statistical functions built in; with a computer, even floating-point arithmetic must usually be constructed out of software. On the other hand, no calculator has the memory needed to store large tables or other data structures. And it is the communication problem that most seriously limits the utility of the calculator. A display that can represent only the 10 digits, a decimal point, and a minus sign does not have much range of expression. Even for problems that have entirely numerical results, such a display is not always adequate, since without labeling of any kind it is easy to become confused about what a number means. [...]  »

p.208 The Newest Sargon-2.5

p.208 The Newest Sargon-2.5

[author : John Martellaro] #GameConsoleHandheld #Review

Extract : «  [...] Sargon 6 isn't available yet, but Sargon 2.5 is. It is a game module and holder slightly larger than a hardback book, but the real guts are no larger than a pocket calculator. This is the MGS (Modular Game System) from Chafitz; as of this writing, it is the strongest chessplaying microcomputer you can buy.

You may already be familiar with the Sargon 1 and Sargon 2.0 computer programs written by Dan and Kathe Spracklen. These are available on cassette or floppy disk (from Hayden Books) for the Apple II and TRS-80 computers. But now Chafitz is marketing Sargon 2.5 as a plug-in ROM (read-only memory) module that fits into the MGS. Presumably, when Sargon 3 and other versions are available, you can remove the old ROM and plug in the new one. Not only does this protect the firmware, but allows new games (such as checkers and backgammon) to be run on the same system.

The technical specifications of the MGS-Sargon 2.5 combination are many and impressive. The system is rather complete: a benefit of Chafitz's previous experience with its chess machine, Boris. [...]  »

p.216 The SwTPC 6809 Microcomputer System

p.216 The SwTPC 6809 Microcomputer System

[author : Tom Harmon] #OrdinateurKit #OrdinateurBureau #Review

Extract : «  The SwTPC 6809 microcomputer system can be purchased in kit form (as the 69/K) for $495 or assembled and tested (the 69/A) for $595. Since I wanted to add sockets for all the integrated circuits, I chose the kit. (The assembled version doesn't use sockets.)

The 69/K and 69/A systems both include the MP-09 processor board, one MP-8M 8 K-byte programmable memory board, the MP-S2 RS-232C serial-interface card, and the MP-B3 motherboard with eight 50-pin slots and eight 30-pin slots. The case and power supply are also included. [...]  »

Nucleus

Nucleus

p.10 p.292 p.314 BYTE's Bits

p.10 p.292 p.314 BYTE's Bits

p.12 Letters

p.12 Letters

p.90 Technical Forum: SC/MP Instruction-Set Summary

p.90 Technical Forum: SC/MP Instruction-Set Summary

p.104 Education Forum: Multi-Micro Learning Environments

p.104 Education Forum: Multi-Micro Learning Environments

p.142 Desk-Top Wonders

p.142 Desk-Top Wonders

p.182 Systems Notes

p.182 Systems Notes

p.188 Languages Forum: A Bug in BASIC

p.188 Languages Forum: A Bug in BASIC

p.200 BYTELINES

p.200 BYTELINES

p.282 Ask BYTE

p.282 Ask BYTE

p.294 Software Received

p.294 Software Received

p.296 p.298 BYTE's Bugs

p.296 p.298 BYTE's Bugs

p.298 Books Received

p.298 Books Received

#Book

The Art of Electronics. Horowitz and Hill. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980. 17.7 by 25.1 cm (7 1/4 by 10 1/4 inches), 716 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-521-23151-5, $24.95.

Computer Programming in the BASIC Language. Neal Golden. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich Inc, 1981. 15.3 by 22.6 cm (6 1/4 by 9 1/4 inches), 312 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-15-359090-4, $7.50.

Computer Security, A Management Audit Approach. Norman L Enger and Paul W Howerton. New York: AMACOM, 1980. 15.3 by 22.6 cm (6 1/4 by 9 1/4 inches), 264 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-8144-5582-4, $21.95.

Data Base: Structured Techniques for Design, Performance, and Management. S Atre. Somerset NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 1980. 15.3 by 22.6 cm (6 1/4 by 9 1/4 inches), 442 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-471-05267-1, $27.95.

Electrical Wiring Handbook. Edward L Safford. Blue Ridge Summit PA: Tab Books Inc, 1980. 12.5 by 20.2 cm (5 1/8 by 8 1/4 inches), 432 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-8306-1245-9, $8.95; hardcover, ISBN 0-8306-9932-5, $15.95.

Handbook of Microprocessor Applications. John A Kuecken. Blue Ridge Summit PA: Tab Books Inc, 1980. 12.5 by 20.2 cm (5 1/8 by 8 1/4 inches), 308 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-8306-1203-3, $8.95; hardcover, ISBN 0-8306-9935-X, $14.95.

Pascal. David L Heiserman. Blue Ridge Summit PA: Tab Books Inc, 1980. 12.5 by 20.2 cm (5 1/8 by 8 1/4 inches), 350 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-8306-1205-X, $9.95; hardcover, ISBN 0-8306-9934-1, $15.95.

Principles of Firmware Engineering in Microprogram Control. Michael Andrews. Potomac MD: Computer Press Inc, 1980. 15.3 by 22.6 cm (6 1/4 by 9 1/4 inches), 347 pages, hardcover, ISBN 0-914894-63-3, $21.95.

Programming in BASIC for Personal Computers. David L Heiserman. Englewood Cliffs NJ: PrenticeHall Inc, 1981. 15.3 by 22.6 cm (6 1/4 by 9 1/4 inches), 333 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-13-730739-X, $7.95; hardcover, ISBN 0-13-730747-0, $17.95.

A Reference Guide to Practical Electronics. Robert G Krieger Sr. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc, 1981. 13.1 by 20 cm (5 3/8 by 8 inches), 212 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-07-0345492-8, $7.50.

6502 Software Design. Leo J Scanlon. Indianapolis IN: Howard W Sams Company Inc, 1980. 13.1 by 20.8 cm (5 3/8 by 8 1/2 inches), 270 pages, softcover, ISBN 0-672-21656-6, $10.50.

Z8000 Assembly Language Programming. Leventhal, Osborne, Collins. Berkeley CA: Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 1980. 15.9 by 22.6 cm (6 1/2 by 9 1/4 inches), 604 pages; softcover, ISBN 0-931988-36-5, $19.99.

p.300 Book Reviews

p.300 Book Reviews

#Book

Extract : «  How To Program Your Programmable Calculator by Dr Stephen L Snover and Dr Mark A Spikell, Prentice-Hall Inc, Englewood Cliffs NJ, 1979, 27) pages, softcover, $7.95

Structured Pascal by Jean-Paul Tremblay, Richard B Bunt, and Lyle M Ospeth, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Hightstown NJ, 1980, $10.95  »

p.304 Event Queue

p.304 Event Queue

p.312 Clubs and Newsletters

p.312 Clubs and Newsletters

p.328 p.334 Programming Quickies

p.328 p.334 Programming Quickies

p.336 What's New?

p.336 What's New?

p.382 Unclassified Ads

p.382 Unclassified Ads

p.383 BOMB, BOMB Results

p.383 BOMB, BOMB Results

p.384 Reader Service

p.384 Reader Service

ADS (content taken from the reader service p.384)

ADS (content taken from the reader service p.384)

p.124 p.231 Aardvark Software

p.124 p.231 Aardvark Software

p.361 AB Computers

p.361 AB Computers

p.299 ABM Products

p.299 ABM Products

p.116 Ackerman Digital Sys Inc

p.116 Ackerman Digital Sys Inc

p.65 Action Computer Enterpr Inc

p.65 Action Computer Enterpr Inc

p.319 Adaptive Data & Energy Sys

p.319 Adaptive Data & Energy Sys

p.376 p.377 Advanced Comp Prod

p.376 p.377 Advanced Comp Prod

p.151 Alphacom Inc

p.151 Alphacom Inc

p.319 Alpha Omega Comp Sys

p.319 Alpha Omega Comp Sys

p.259 Am Comp & Telecom Corp

p.259 Am Comp & Telecom Corp

p.283 Am Micro Prod Inc

p.283 Am Micro Prod Inc

p.169 American Square Comp

p.169 American Square Comp

p.366 AMIS

p.366 AMIS

p.57 Anadex

p.57 Anadex

p.354 Ancrona

p.354 Ancrona

p.215 Apparat Inc

p.215 Apparat Inc

p.13 Apple Computer

p.13 Apple Computer

p.95 Apple West Inc

p.95 Apple West Inc

p.14 Aristo/Polks

p.14 Aristo/Polks

p.235 Artec Electronics

p.235 Artec Electronics

p.131 ASAP

p.131 ASAP

p.165 Ashton-Tate

p.165 Ashton-Tate

p.142 Atlantis Computized Serv

p.142 Atlantis Computized Serv

p.364 ATV Research

p.364 ATV Research

p.179 Automated Equip Inc

p.179 Automated Equip Inc

p.88 Automated Simulations

p.88 Automated Simulations

p.127 base 2 inc

p.127 base 2 inc

p.356 Beckian

p.356 Beckian

p.351 John Bell Engineering

p.351 John Bell Engineering

p.174 p.356 Beta Comp Devices

p.174 p.356 Beta Comp Devices

p.362 Bit Bucket, The

p.362 Bit Bucket, The

p.310 BIZCOMP

p.310 BIZCOMP

p.292 Bower-Stewart & Assoc

p.292 Bower-Stewart & Assoc

p.256 p.257 BYTE Back Issues

p.256 p.257 BYTE Back Issues

(p.CIII) BYTE Books

(p.CIII) BYTE Books

p.173 p.247 BYTE Books

p.173 p.247 BYTE Books

p.305 BYTE Subscriber

p.305 BYTE Subscriber

p.303 BYTE WATS

p.303 BYTE WATS

p.297 C & S Electronics

p.297 C & S Electronics

p.20 p.21 Calif Comp Systems

p.20 p.21 Calif Comp Systems

p.370 p.371 Calif Digital

p.370 p.371 Calif Digital

p.358 Cawthon Scientific Grp

p.358 Cawthon Scientific Grp

p.300 Calif Data Corp

p.300 Calif Data Corp

p.245 Central Data

p.245 Central Data

p.283 CFR Assoc Inc

p.283 CFR Assoc Inc

p.28 Chase Manhattan Bank

p.28 Chase Manhattan Bank

p.125 p.233 Chrislin Industries

p.125 p.233 Chrislin Industries

p.346 Clev Cons Comp & Compnts

p.346 Clev Cons Comp & Compnts

p.74 p.75 CompuMart

p.74 p.75 CompuMart

p.213 CompuServe

p.213 CompuServe

p.307 Computer Age Inc

p.307 Computer Age Inc

p.319 Computer City

p.319 Computer City

p.285 Computer Disc of Am

p.285 Computer Disc of Am

p.278 Computer Exchange

p.278 Computer Exchange

p.205 Computer Factory, The

p.205 Computer Factory, The

p.50 Comp Furniture & Access

p.50 Comp Furniture & Access

p.232 Computer Marketing Corp

p.232 Computer Marketing Corp

p.192 p.193 Comp Prof Book Club

p.192 p.193 Comp Prof Book Club

p.272 Computer Room, The

p.272 Computer Room, The

p.362 Computer Shopper

p.362 Computer Shopper

p.365 Computer Specialties

p.365 Computer Specialties

p.58 Computer Tech Assoc

p.58 Computer Tech Assoc

p.99 Computer Warehouse

p.99 Computer Warehouse

p.92 p.93 Computers R Us

p.92 p.93 Computers R Us

p.276 Computers Wholesale

p.276 Computers Wholesale

p.277 Computerware

p.277 Computerware

p.248 Computex

p.248 Computex

p.269 Computique

p.269 Computique

p.303 Compuview Products Inc

p.303 Compuview Products Inc

p.345 Concord Comp Components

p.345 Concord Comp Components

p.358 Conentropy

p.358 Conentropy

p.250 Cornsoft Group, The

p.250 Cornsoft Group, The

p.366 Corporate Mangmt Grp Inc

p.366 Corporate Mangmt Grp Inc

p.129 Corvus Systems

p.129 Corvus Systems

p.357 CPU Shop, The

p.357 CPU Shop, The

p.172 CPU Intl

p.172 CPU Intl

p.1 p.2 Cromemco

p.1 p.2 Cromemco

p.366 Custom Business Comp

p.366 Custom Business Comp

p.301 Cyberia Inc

p.301 Cyberia Inc

p.299 Cybernetics Inc

p.299 Cybernetics Inc

p.246 Data Discount Center

p.246 Data Discount Center

p.364 Data Hardware

p.364 Data Hardware

p.360 Data Source Enterprises

p.360 Data Source Enterprises

p.252 Datasafe Products

p.252 Datasafe Products

p.97 Datasouth Computer Corp

p.97 Datasouth Computer Corp

p.306 Datasouth Computer Corp

p.306 Datasouth Computer Corp

p.67 Decision Master

p.67 Decision Master

p.265 DG Electronics

p.265 DG Electronics

p.102 Digicomp Research

p.102 Digicomp Research

p.285 Digital Graphic Systems

p.285 Digital Graphic Systems

p.201 Digital Marketing

p.201 Digital Marketing

p.107 Digital Pathways

p.107 Digital Pathways

p.189 Digital Research

p.189 Digital Research

p.367 Digital Research Corp

p.367 Digital Research Corp

p.364 Digital Systems Eng

p.364 Digital Systems Eng

p.262 Disc Software Group, The

p.262 Disc Software Group, The

p.194 Disk Supply Co

p.194 Disk Supply Co

p.287 Distributed Comp Sys

p.287 Distributed Comp Sys

p.297 DMA

p.297 DMA

p.240 Dual Systems Control Corp

p.240 Dual Systems Control Corp

p.285 Dymarc Industries Inc

p.285 Dymarc Industries Inc

p.219 Dynacomp Inc

p.219 Dynacomp Inc

p.382 Ecosoft

p.382 Ecosoft

p.234 Edmund Scientific

p.234 Edmund Scientific

p.293 Efficient Mngmt Sys

p.293 Efficient Mngmt Sys

p.273 80 US Journal/Exatron Inc

p.273 80 US Journal/Exatron Inc

p.30 Electronic Control Tech

p.30 Electronic Control Tech

p.287 Electronic Specialists

p.287 Electronic Specialists

p.260 Electronic Sys Furniture Co

p.260 Electronic Sys Furniture Co

p.171 Epson America

p.171 Epson America

p.281 Escon

p.281 Escon

p.314 Essex Publishing

p.314 Essex Publishing

p.223 Euro Micro'81

p.223 Euro Micro'81

p.161 Exatron Inc

p.161 Exatron Inc

p.273 Exatron Inc/80 US Journal

p.273 Exatron Inc/80 US Journal

p.267 Executive Business Sys

p.267 Executive Business Sys

p.10 Factory Direct

p.10 Factory Direct

p.222 Fair Corn

p.222 Fair Corn

p.280 Faragher & Assoc

p.280 Faragher & Assoc

p.293 Farnsworth Comp Center

p.293 Farnsworth Comp Center

p.46 p.47 John Fluke Mfg Co

p.46 p.47 John Fluke Mfg Co

p.350 Fordham

p.350 Fordham

p.282 Forethought Products

p.282 Forethought Products

p.298 Frederick Computer Prod

p.298 Frederick Computer Prod

p.364 General Systems Consulting

p.364 General Systems Consulting

p.362 Gimix

p.362 Gimix

p.198 p.199 Godbout Electronics

p.198 p.199 Godbout Electronics

p.302 Mark Gordon Computers

p.302 Mark Gordon Computers

p.186 p.187 H & E Computronics

p.186 p.187 H & E Computronics

p.241 H & E Computronics

p.241 H & E Computronics

p.298 Hanley Engineering

p.298 Hanley Engineering

p.146 Hardside

p.146 Hardside

p.147 Hardside

p.147 Hardside

p.309 Hayden Book Co Inc

p.309 Hayden Book Co Inc

p.81 Heath Company

p.81 Heath Company

p.360 Helu Corp

p.360 Helu Corp

p.211 Hemenway Assoc

p.211 Hemenway Assoc

p.96 High Technology Inc

p.96 High Technology Inc

p.355 Hobbyworld Electronics Inc

p.355 Hobbyworld Electronics Inc

p.28 Home Banking System

p.28 Home Banking System

p.137 Houston Instruments

p.137 Houston Instruments

p.362 IDM

p.362 IDM

p.91 Info Unitd Software

p.91 Info Unitd Software

p.295 Inmac

p.295 Inmac

p.109 Insoft Corp

p.109 Insoft Corp

p.51 p.53 Integral Data Sys

p.51 p.53 Integral Data Sys

p.279 Integrand

p.279 Integrand

p.220 Intelligence Systems Ltd

p.220 Intelligence Systems Ltd

p.120 Intelligent Control Sys

p.120 Intelligent Control Sys

p.243 International Micro Systems

p.243 International Micro Systems

p.159 Intertec Data Systems

p.159 Intertec Data Systems

p.360 Ipex Intl Inc

p.360 Ipex Intl Inc

p.8 Ithaca Intersystems

p.8 Ithaca Intersystems

p.9 Ithaca Intersystems

p.9 Ithaca Intersystems

p.374 p.375 Jade Computer Prod

p.374 p.375 Jade Computer Prod

p.378 p.379 Jameco Electronics

p.378 p.379 Jameco Electronics

p.230 JDR MICRODEVICES INC

p.230 JDR MICRODEVICES INC

p.358 Jepsan Group K Inc

p.358 Jepsan Group K Inc

p.348 JR Inventory Control

p.348 JR Inventory Control

p.155 Kemco LTD

p.155 Kemco LTD

p.364 Key Bits Inc

p.364 Key Bits Inc

p.366 Knox Data

p.366 Knox Data

p.111 Konan Corp

p.111 Konan Corp

p.305 Laboratory Microsystems

p.305 Laboratory Microsystems

p.140 p.141 p.288 Lifeboat

p.140 p.141 p.288 Lifeboat

p.287 LNW Research

p.287 LNW Research

p.61 Lobo Drives Intl

p.61 Lobo Drives Intl

p.316 McGraw-Hill Magazines

p.316 McGraw-Hill Magazines

p.224 p.225 McMillian Book Clubs

p.224 p.225 McMillian Book Clubs

p.286 Macrotronics Inc

p.286 Macrotronics Inc

p.358 Macrotronics Inc

p.358 Macrotronics Inc

p.281 Mark of the Unicorn

p.281 Mark of the Unicorn

p.293 Marymac Industries Inc

p.293 Marymac Industries Inc

p.80 MBC Systems Inc

p.80 MBC Systems Inc

p.29 p.167 Meas Sys & Controls

p.29 p.167 Meas Sys & Controls

p.358 Mega Systems Inc

p.358 Mega Systems Inc

p.335 Meta Technologies Corp

p.335 Meta Technologies Corp

p.301 Metaresearch Inc

p.301 Metaresearch Inc

p.364 Metron Computerware Inc

p.364 Metron Computerware Inc

p.175 Micro Age Computer Store

p.175 Micro Age Computer Store

p.228 Micro Business Systems

p.228 Micro Business Systems

p.349 Micro Business World

p.349 Micro Business World

p.313 Micro Computer Discount

p.313 Micro Computer Discount

p.101 Micro Focus

p.101 Micro Focus

p.197 Micro Management Sys

p.197 Micro Management Sys

p.145 Micro Mikes

p.145 Micro Mikes

p.268 p.366 Micro Mint, The

p.268 p.366 Micro Mint, The

p.229 Micro Pro International

p.229 Micro Pro International

p.176 Micro Works, The

p.176 Micro Works, The

p.83 Micro World

p.83 Micro World

p.195 MicroAce

p.195 MicroAce

p.207 MicroAmerica Distributing

p.207 MicroAmerica Distributing

p.354 MicroCompEquip

p.354 MicroCompEquip

p.313 Microcomputer Disc Co

p.313 Microcomputer Disc Co

p.214 p.215 Microcomputer Tech Inc

p.214 p.215 Microcomputer Tech Inc

p.135 MicroDaSys

p.135 MicroDaSys

p.266 Micromail

p.266 Micromail

p.121 MICRO-SCI

p.121 MICRO-SCI

p.304 Microsette

p.304 Microsette

p.115 Microsoft

p.115 Microsoft

p.89 Microsoft (Cons Prod Div)

p.89 Microsoft (Cons Prod Div)

p.311 MicroTax Software

p.311 MicroTax Software

p.360 MicroTech Exports

p.360 MicroTech Exports

p.87 MicroTek Inc

p.87 MicroTek Inc

p.196 Microware

p.196 Microware

p.303 Midas

p.303 Midas

p.350 Mikos

p.350 Mikos

p.16 Miller Microcomputer Serv

p.16 Miller Microcomputer Serv

p.277 Mini Computer Suppliers

p.277 Mini Computer Suppliers

p.244 Mini Micro Mart

p.244 Mini Micro Mart

p.380 Mini Micro Mart

p.380 Mini Micro Mart

p.381 Mini Micro Mart

p.381 Mini Micro Mart

p.76 Minnesota Software

p.76 Minnesota Software

p.113 Morrow Designs

p.113 Morrow Designs

p.19 Mountain Computer Inc

p.19 Mountain Computer Inc

p.313 Mountain Computer Inc

p.313 Mountain Computer Inc

p.157 mpi

p.157 mpi

p.180 p.181 MT Microsystems

p.180 p.181 MT Microsystems

p.242 MTI Inc

p.242 MTI Inc

p.206 p.207 NEECO

p.206 p.207 NEECO

p.185 Nestar Systems Inc

p.185 Nestar Systems Inc

p.84 p.86 p.255 Netronics

p.84 p.86 p.255 Netronics

p.333 Noesis Computing Co

p.333 Noesis Computing Co

p.143 North Star

p.143 North Star

p.319 Northwest Comp Serv Inc

p.319 Northwest Comp Serv Inc

p.177 NRI Schools

p.177 NRI Schools

p.139 OAC

p.139 OAC

(p.CIV) Ohio Scientific Instr

(p.CIV) Ohio Scientific Instr

p.114 CK Machine & Tool

p.114 CK Machine & Tool

p.295 Olympic Sales Co

p.295 Olympic Sales Co

p.312 Omega Micro Computers

p.312 Omega Micro Computers

p.60 Omega Research

p.60 Omega Research

p.217 Omega Sales Co

p.217 Omega Sales Co

p.364 OmegaSoft

p.364 OmegaSoft

p.279 Omikron

p.279 Omikron

p.209 onComputing

p.209 onComputing

p.307 Optimal Technology

p.307 Optimal Technology

p.163 Orange Micro

p.163 Orange Micro

p.358 G Osborne Co

p.358 G Osborne Co

p.221 Osborne/McGraw-Hill

p.221 Osborne/McGraw-Hill

p.144 p.226 p.227 Owens Associates

p.144 p.226 p.227 Owens Associates

p.358 P & S Electronics

p.358 P & S Electronics

p.364 Pace Age Technology

p.364 Pace Age Technology

p.358 p.366 Pacific Exchanges

p.358 p.366 Pacific Exchanges

p.347 Page Digital

p.347 Page Digital

p.353 Pan American Elec

p.353 Pan American Elec

p.6 PCD Systems Inc

p.6 PCD Systems Inc

p.362 Perceptions Unlimited

p.362 Perceptions Unlimited

p.15 p.17 Percom Data

p.15 p.17 Percom Data

p.319 Peripherals Plus

p.319 Peripherals Plus

p.62 Personal Computer Sys

p.62 Personal Computer Sys

p.236 p.237 Personal Micro Comp

p.236 p.237 Personal Micro Comp

p.31 Personal Software

p.31 Personal Software

p.191 Phase One Systems

p.191 Phase One Systems

p.329 Pickles & Trout

p.329 Pickles & Trout

p.283 pk systems inc

p.283 pk systems inc

p.178 Potomac Micro Magic

p.178 Potomac Micro Magic

p.150 Power One Inc

p.150 Power One Inc

p.275 Priority One

p.275 Priority One

p.317 p.368 p.369 Priority One

p.317 p.368 p.369 Priority One

p.59 Professional Business Sftw

p.59 Professional Business Sftw

p.85 Professional Software Inc

p.85 Professional Software Inc

p.312 p.372 p.373 QT Computer Sys

p.312 p.372 p.373 QT Computer Sys

p.362 Quality Computer Parts

p.362 Quality Computer Parts

p.126 Quality Software

p.126 Quality Software

p.253 Quasar Data Products

p.253 Quasar Data Products

p.359 Quest

p.359 Quest

p.154 Quiet Designs

p.154 Quiet Designs

p.12 R & B Computer Systems

p.12 R & B Computer Systems

p.134 Racet Computes

p.134 Racet Computes

p.69 Radio Shack

p.69 Radio Shack

p.282 Rainbow Computing

p.282 Rainbow Computing

p.203 RCA

p.203 RCA

p.329 EP Reardon Assoc

p.329 EP Reardon Assoc

p.291 RKS Enterprises

p.291 RKS Enterprises

p.218 RNB Enterprises

p.218 RNB Enterprises

p.130 Rochester Data

p.130 Rochester Data

p.362 Roland Projects

p.362 Roland Projects

p.291 S & M Systems

p.291 S & M Systems

p.299 S-100 Inc

p.299 S-100 Inc

p.301 SC Digital

p.301 SC Digital

p.291 Scientific Eng Labs

p.291 Scientific Eng Labs

p.5 Scion Corp

p.5 Scion Corp

p.295 SciTronics Inc

p.295 SciTronics Inc

p.258 Scottsdale Systems

p.258 Scottsdale Systems

p.123 Seattle Computer

p.123 Seattle Computer

p.64 Shepardson Microsystems

p.64 Shepardson Microsystems

p.100 Michael Shrayer Software

p.100 Michael Shrayer Software

p.7 Shugart

p.7 Shugart

p.119 Sinclair Research

p.119 Sinclair Research

p.249 Sirius Systems

p.249 Sirius Systems

p.366 SKP Electr

p.366 SKP Electr

p.319 Skyles Electr Works

p.319 Skyles Electr Works

p.296 p.318 Small Business Appl

p.296 p.318 Small Business Appl

p.254 Snapp Inc

p.254 Snapp Inc

p.263 Softech Microsystems

p.263 Softech Microsystems

p.364 Software Consultants

p.364 Software Consultants

p.311 SOFTWARE Inc

p.311 SOFTWARE Inc

p.274 Solid State Sales

p.274 Solid State Sales

p.117 Sorcim

p.117 Sorcim

p.290 Sorrento Valley Assoc

p.290 Sorrento Valley Assoc

(p.CII) Southwest Tech Prod Corp

(p.CII) Southwest Tech Prod Corp

p.366 SP Electronics

p.366 SP Electronics

p.210 Spectrum Software

p.210 Spectrum Software

p.11 SSM

p.11 SSM

p.261 Strategic Simulations

p.261 Strategic Simulations

p.184 Street Electronics

p.184 Street Electronics

p.152 SubLOGIC

p.152 SubLOGIC

p.360 Succinct Systems

p.360 Succinct Systems

p.308 Summagraphics

p.308 Summagraphics

p.348 Sunny Intl

p.348 Sunny Intl

p.110 p.133 p.271 p.315 SuperSoft

p.110 p.133 p.271 p.315 SuperSoft

p.77 Sybex

p.77 Sybex

p.108 p.279 Synchro Sound

p.108 p.279 Synchro Sound

p.182 Synergetic Comp Prod

p.182 Synergetic Comp Prod

p.136 Synergetic Solutions

p.136 Synergetic Solutions

p.319 Systek Inc

p.319 Systek Inc

p.183 Tarbell Electronics

p.183 Tarbell Electronics

p.307 TASA

p.307 TASA

p.362 TDC/Two Day

p.362 TDC/Two Day

p.79 Tech Sys Consultants (TSC)

p.79 Tech Sys Consultants (TSC)

p.251 Tec Mar Inc

p.251 Tec Mar Inc

p.105 Televideo

p.105 Televideo

p.70 p.71 Terak Corp

p.70 p.71 Terak Corp

p.305 Texas Comp Sys

p.305 Texas Comp Sys

p.55 p.153 Texas Instruments

p.55 p.153 Texas Instruments

p.358 Texcom Eng Assoc

p.358 Texcom Eng Assoc

p.63 3M Company

p.63 3M Company

p.277 Thunderware

p.277 Thunderware

p.294 Mitchell E Timin Eng Co

p.294 Mitchell E Timin Eng Co

p.239 Robert Tinney Graphics

p.239 Robert Tinney Graphics

p.25 TIP Inc

p.25 TIP Inc

p.360 TIS

p.360 TIS

p.290 TNW Corp

p.290 TNW Corp

p.319 Toolsmith, The

p.319 Toolsmith, The

p.297 TransNET Corp

p.297 TransNET Corp

p.362 Universal Security Inst

p.362 Universal Security Inst

p.343 US Micro Sales

p.343 US Micro Sales

p.288 p.294 p.360 US Robotics

p.288 p.294 p.360 US Robotics

p.138 VANDATA

p.138 VANDATA

p.281 Vector Electronics

p.281 Vector Electronics

p.103 Vector Graphics

p.103 Vector Graphics

p.319 Videx

p.319 Videx

p.27 p.363 Vista Computer Co

p.27 p.363 Vista Computer Co

p.300 Voicetek

p.300 Voicetek

p.352 Wameco

p.352 Wameco

p.33 White Computer Sys

p.33 White Computer Sys

p.149 Whitesmith's Ltd

p.149 Whitesmith's Ltd

p.78 CJ Wigglesworth

p.78 CJ Wigglesworth

p.366 Winchendon Group, The

p.366 Winchendon Group, The

p.360 Wintek Corp

p.360 Wintek Corp

p.122 Winterhalter & Assoc

p.122 Winterhalter & Assoc

p.360 Worldwide Electronics

p.360 Worldwide Electronics

p.352 WW Component Supply Inc

p.352 WW Component Supply Inc

p.23 Zobex

p.23 Zobex