1977 3.10 1979

Vol.3 n°10 october 1978

Vol.3 n°10 october 1978

(byte_1978_10.jpg)

[editor : Carl T. Helmers Jr.] [publisher : Virginia Londner, Gordon R Williamson] [art : Stephen Kruse, Wai Chiu Li, Dorothy Shamonsky, Ellen Shamonsky] [cover : Robert Tinney] [nota bene : Some missing pages in archive.org. Full version in vintageapple.org] #Magazine

p.4 In This BYTE

p.4 In This BYTE

#Abstract

Robert Tinney's painting on the cover this month is a fanciful image of computer chess. A Knight floats above an ancient stone chessboard with the ubiquitous floppy disk beneath. Four articles in this issue are devoted to the art of computer chess, including the first part of a 4 part series by the creators of Chess 4.6, the world championship chess program.

p.12
p.12

One cause of seemingly unexplainable program errors may be incorrectly operating memory. A Memory Pattern Sensitivity Test discussed by Don Kinzer will help to determine if your memory is operating correctly. page 12

p.22
p.22

If you need -12 or +15 V for your latest hardware design, and have only +5 V, what can you do? Read No Power for Your Interfaces? Build a 5 W DC to DC Converter by Steve Ciarcia. Several inexpensive, practical designs are described, to give you everything from - 15 to +15 V from a +5 V source. page 22

p.34
p.34

In Part 1 of A "Tiny" Pascal Compiler, in the September 1978 BYTE, Kin-Man Chung and Herbert Yuen described the syntax of a Pascal subset and described a hypothetical stack machine, called a p-machlne. This month they describe a compiler that generates codes for the p-machine. page 34

p.58
p.58

Would you like a fast and easy way to test your new memory board? Author Russell Adams shows you how in Testing Memory in BASIC. A simple program loads the memory locations with alternating 1s and 0s to spot those bad bits. page 58

p.70
p.70

The H8 computer from Heath features a novel firmware front panel monitor comprised of both hardware and software elements. Gordon Letwin, Heath software designer, describes the design philosophy and the features of the system in PAM/8: A New Approach to Front Panel Design. page 70

p.86
p.86

The winning program at the Second West Coast Computer Faire's Microcomputer Chess Tournament in March of 1978 was Sargon, written in Z-80 assembler language. Sargon's creators, Dan and Kathe Spracklen, describe the move generating portion of their program in First Steps in Computer Chess Programming. page 86

p.100
p.100

A computer allows you to try out a variety of ideas with nothing more than a program to see if they will work. One way to use this potential is to model electrical circuits in software. Leonard H Anderson describes how to perform Linear Circuit Analysis on your computer. page 100

p.122
p.122

The eight Queens problem is a venerable puzzle in recreational mathematics. Terry Smith describes his thought processes in working out a solution in his article, Solving the Eight Queens Problem. An occasional dose of cleverness is often the key to solving a difficult problem, as Terry demonstrates. page 122

p.130
p.130

For someone who is looking for a good quality video terminal which is easy to work with and will be user serviceable, the Heathkit H9 is the solution. Terry Steeden describes his pleasant experiences Assembling the H9 Video Terminal and having it work correctly the first time. page 130

p.142
p.142

Digital recording of computer programs and data is an attractive alternative to standard audio cassette recording techniques because of its reliability. and simplicity. Ralph Burhans describes an updated version of earlier digital recording schemes in A Simpler Digital Cassette Tape Interface. page 142

p.144
p.144

If you own a SwTPC 6800 computer and want to increase the processor clock speed with a minimum of fuss, read Souping Up Your SwTPC 6800 by Steve A Hughes. The article describes a simple circuit that plugs directly into a socket on the 6800 processor board. Changing the clock speed is then done by simply plugging in a new crystal oscillator. page 144

p.162
p.162

Last year we ran a contest in which readers were asked to design their own PAPERBYTEtm bar code readers and submit them to us. One of the winning entries, by Campbell Farnell and Glen Seeds, is described in their article, A Novel Bar Code Reader. page 162

p.168
p.168

For a short introduction to the world of computer chess, read Norman Whaland's A Computer Chess Tutorial. The basic principles of chess strategy and tactics are covered in discussions of game trees, alpha-beta pruning, minimax strategies and so on. page 168

p.182
p.182

Creating a Chess Player was written by two people at the forefront of research in computer chess: David Frey, editor of Chess Skill in Man and Machine, and Larry Atkins, coauthor of Chess 4.6, the world champion chess program that recently beat a Grandmaster in a simultaneous exhibition. The article discusses the thinking processes in the chessplayer's mind and how such processes are transformed into a computer program. page 182

p.6 On Using a Personal Computer for a Practical Purpose

p.6 On Using a Personal Computer for a Practical Purpose

[author : Carl Helmers] #Edito

Extract : «  Finally, it had to happen to me. We all know that personal computers are supposed to be a cross between a necessity and a luxury. But the critics tend to harp on our tendency to get carried away by the fun and to ignore the practical uses of our wonderful servants. As if to answer that justified criticism, I finally came up with a genuine practical use for a small computer in the monthly operations of BYTE's editorial office. Now this practical application is by no means the kind of automated editing and type preparation facility I would like to have some day if and when I ever become rich and famous. But this is a genuine, once a month, cyclically run application program.

At BYTE, we have so far purchased two Apple II computers (among others) for use in educating our employees, and in order to have some facilities around the office. One of these Apple II computers sits in my office, and at the time of this exercise it had only the usual audio tape cassette interface for mass storage, and television for display purposes, (I have since ordered and received a floppy disk drive, which was plugged in and working within five minutes of setup.)

The immediate spur to writing this practical program was the need to analyze the editorial preferences section of the BYTE 1978 reader survey. [...]  »

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreground

Foreground

p.22 NO POWER FOR YOUR INTERFACES?: Build a 5W DC to DC Converter

p.22 NO POWER FOR YOUR INTERFACES?: Build a 5W DC to DC Converter

[theme : Hardware] [author : Ciarcia] #Electronic #Interface

Extract : «  Recently I attended a local computer club meeting where we discussed the question of power supplies. Many people were remarking that, while they enjoyed building the projects in my articles, often their power supplies were not compatible with the multiple voltages I required. Many of the newer single board computers that some members owned contained only a hefty +5 V supply and a note that the user should add additional supplies if the basic board is expanded. [...]  »

p.34 A "TINY" PASCAL COMPILER, Part 2: The P-Compiler

p.34 A "TINY" PASCAL COMPILER, Part 2: The P-Compiler

[theme : Pascal] [author : Chung-Yuen] #Programming #Listing #BASIC #Pascal #Book

Extract : «  When Niklaus Wirth introduced Pascal in 1971, one of the design objectives was to allow efficient program compilation. As far as we know, all existing Pascal compilers use the one pass compilation technique.

Newcomers to Pascal sometimes criticize features of the language such as declaring variables before use, and having constant and type declarations precede variable declarations. But such features are necessary to make a one pass compiler work (aside from the fact that it is also good programming practice to declare identifiers before use). Compared with multipass compilers, the job of writing a one pass compiler is relatively simple, since there is no need to store the program in its intermediate form. [...]  »

p.58 TESTING MEMORY IN BASIC

p.58 TESTING MEMORY IN BASIC

[theme : Software] [author : Adams] #Listing #BASIC #Memory #Diagnostic

Extract : «  I hate to toggle in a program through the front panel of my computer. Yet every time I finish a new memory board I have to do this to a machine language memory test program. I therefore resolved to write a memory test program in BASIC which could be loaded with an 8 K interpreter in 8 K of proven memory. The BASIC program in listing 1 is the result. [...]  »

p.86 FIRST STEPS IN COMPUTER CHESS PROGRAMMING

p.86 FIRST STEPS IN COMPUTER CHESS PROGRAMMING

[theme : Software Chess] [author : the Spracklens] #GameBoard #Programming #Listing #Assembly #Algorithm #Book

Extract : «  The fascination of chess gains a new dimension with microcomputer chess. No longer are the struggles confined to giant machines. With the advent of the Chess Mate, Chess Challenger, Boris, and Compuchess, as well as some custom software packages, the day of microcomputer chess has dawned. Writing a program to play chess on a small system is no small matter, though. Consider just for a start the challenge of meaningfully representing the board and its pieces in computer memory: there are 64 squares, 32 pieces, 6 piece types and 2 piece colors. Since the machine is a microcomputer, storage requirements must be kept to a minimum. Next comes the job of moving the pieces. Only when these first problems of piece representation and move generation have been solved can the chess programmer go on to consider strategy. [...]  »

p.100 LINEAR CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

p.100 LINEAR CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

[theme : Simulation] [author : Anderson] #Electronic #Simulation #Algorithm #Book

Extract : «  Circuit analysis programs are valuable tools that can tell you how a circuit will work before you build it - "paper breadboards" in effect that don't require any component purchases, expensive equipment or debugging time spent on the bench. Analysis programs fall into two general categories: frequency domain and time domain. Presented here are the fundamentals of a frequency domain linear analysis program. In practice, linear analysis means that no active devices are operated at saturation or cutoff. Frequency domain tells us what circuits do at different frequencies, a type of analysis well-suited to model amplifiers, filters and operational amplifier circuits operating over any desired frequency range. You can make voltage and impedance readings at any point in the circuit without experiencing the loading problems that can occur with conventional equipment.

Because of the variations in small computer systems, primarily in memory, no specific language is given. All of the necessary flowcharts are presented along with necessary mathematical operations. You will need the four basic floating point functions plus array handling (single dimension arrays are acceptable, but two-dimensional arrays are preferred) and at least arctangent and logarithmic functions.

Matrix operations are done but you don't need BASIC MAT functions; the matrix is fully explained later. Using charts and ex- planations, you can write the program in any form from assembler to BASIC and higher languages. Assembler will work faster since this is a "number crunching" program. The main constraints are memory and the ability to hold many arrays in main memory. [...]  »

p.122 SOLVING THE EIGHT QUEENS PROBLEM

p.122 SOLVING THE EIGHT QUEENS PROBLEM

[theme : Software] [author : Smith] #GamePuzzle #Listing #BASIC

Extract : «  The eight Queens problem is a chess related puzzle, the object of which is to place eight chess Queens on an 8 by 8 chessboard in such a way that no Queen can take another. [For the benefit of nonchesspiaying readers, the Queen can capture any piece that is in direct line with it horizontally, vertically or diagonally. No detailed knowledge of chess is required in order to understand the rest of this article....CM] 8 is the maximum number that is not obviously impossible, since 9 would force one Queen to be in at least one other Queen's row or column. I will explain how I solved this problem using a computer, since a look into the mind of a problem solver from start to finish might help you with your own problems. [...]  »

p.142 A SIMPLER DIGITAL CASSETTE TAPE INTERFACE

p.142 A SIMPLER DIGITAL CASSETTE TAPE INTERFACE

[theme : Hardware] [author : Burhans] #Storage #Interface #Devices #Electronic

Extract : «  To our department at Ohio University, "Saturation Recording's Not All That Hard" by David M Allen, page 34, January 1977 BYTE, was a sleeper until we happened to visit Abex Corporation here in Athens OH. While we were there, Dave Weeks showed us a direct digital interface which he was building from an old cassette deck. [...]  »

p.144 SOUPING UP YOUR SwTPC 6800

p.144 SOUPING UP YOUR SwTPC 6800

[theme : Hardware] [author : Hughes] #Electronic

Extract : «  One of the design economies in the SwTPC 6800 is the use of the same clock to set data transfer rate and to control processing speed. It avoids the need to build a separate processor clock and reduces the processing speed by only 10 percent. For most applications, this speed loss is unimportant, but it can become important if you are interested in heavily processor based activities such as process control or robotics. It is also inconvenient if you use timing loops frequently, since it is more difficult to calculate timing loops which are based on a slightly more than 1 μs period rather than on an even 1.0 μs period for the processor states. Therefore, I decided a little "souping up" was in order. [...]  »

p.162 A NOVEL BAR CODE READER

p.162 A NOVEL BAR CODE READER

[theme : Hardware] [author : Farnell] #OpticalInput #Build #Electronic #DataEntry

Extract : «  Our Paperbyte™ bar code reader consists of three parts: (1) an old turntable set at 33 RPM on which sits the page to be read, attached to a 48 ounce juice can; (2) a read head with light source which is attached to a parallelogram assembly to allow the head to be moved up and down while remaining level; (3) an interface that brings the output of the phototransistor in the read head up to a 5 V digital level. [...]  »

p.168 A COMPUTER CHESS TUTORIAL

p.168 A COMPUTER CHESS TUTORIAL

[theme : Computer Chess] [author : Whaland] #GameBoard #Algorithm #Initiation #Book

Extract : «  On February 20 1977, the Minnesota Open chess tournament was won by a computer program, Northwestern University's Chess 4.5. This was a far better result than any program had previously achieved, considering that all the other entrants in the tournament were human beings. An improved version, Chess 4.6, went on to wrest the world computer chess championship from the Soviet program KAISSA (see "The Second World Computer Chess Championships" by Peter Jennings, January 1978 BYTE, page 108). Professional chessplayers are beginning to worry about the competition from machines. They would seem to have little to fear at the moment, however. The consensus is that Chess 4.5's tactical skill is impressive but its strategy is weak.

Against such competition, what can a personal computer experimenter expect to accomplish? Perhaps a great deal. There have been few new ideas in computer chess since Claude Shannon (see references) outlined the basic principles in a paper published in 1950. (The superiority of Chess 4.6 is due primarily to faster hardware.) Experimenters can participate in the search for the conceptual breakthroughs that will be needed before computer programs can be a match for the best human players. With that thought in mind, this article deals with the questions: What is a good structure for a chess program? What are the major functions that it must perform? In what directions can we seek innovations? [...]  »

Background

Background

p.12 A MEMORY PATTERN SENSITIVITY TEST

p.12 A MEMORY PATTERN SENSITIVITY TEST

[theme : Debugging] [author : Kinzer] #Memory #Listing #Assembly #Diagnostic

Extract : «  Faulty memory is a very difficult problem to detect. Most distributors of memory board kits supply a simple memory test designed to detect assembly errors such as misplaced components, solder bridges, etc. These tests are ineffective in detecting certain types of memory related problems. One of these problems, called pattern sensitivity, manifests itself in the very disturbing fact that accessing one memory location alters another memory location, but only when the memory contains a certain pattern of bits. [...]  »

p.70 PAM/8: A New Approach to Front Panel Design

p.70 PAM/8: A New Approach to Front Panel Design

[theme : Computer Design] [author : Letwin] #Keyboard #Display

Extract : «  Since the first personal computers appeared about three years ago, the field has been growing and advancing at an ever increasing rate. The variety and complexity of products increases even while the cost decreases. Indeed, the field has evolved so rapidly that it has gone through two generations (using the term somewhat loosely) in those three years. The first generation machines were typified by the first 8800 system sold by MITS, a bare bones machine festooned with switches and lights. It took a fair amount of technical know how to build one of these to get it operational. Before long, however, a new generation of machines was available. These, such as the SwTPC 6800, were usually cheaper and simpler to build, using fewer but more powerful integrated circuits.

And in July 1977, the Heath Company announced its two versions of the home computer idea, the H8 and H11 systems. I write as one of the persons who took part in the design of the H8's front panel firmware, an 8080 program called "PAM/8" which shows how software and hardware are often intimately related. [...]  »

p.130 ASSEMBLING THE H9 VIDEO TERMINAL

p.130 ASSEMBLING THE H9 VIDEO TERMINAL

[theme : Product Description] [author : Steeden] #ComputerTerminal #Build #Display #Keyboard

Extract : «  I have just completed one of the more satisfying electronic experiences in my life. I think a lot of the feeling is a result of everything working the first time. Everyone should have such an experience at least once every ten years. More often is preferable, but Murphy's Law usually prevents it. I have just finished assembling the Heathkit Model H9 video terminal.

At first I thought that everything worked the first time because of my great skill as an assembler. However, as a longtime Heathkit builder (automotive testers, amateur radio equipment, and now microprocessor equipment), I have sensed something better about this kit and its construction manual. While they appear in the familiar and efficient format of past Heathkits, there is something which made them easier to follow, and therefore helped contribute to the "works the first time" result. First, the printed circuit boards are clearly and legibly marked. [...]  »

p.182 CREATING A CHESS PLAYER

p.182 CREATING A CHESS PLAYER

[theme : Chess Tutorial] [author : Frey-Atkin] #GameBoard #Programming #Initiation #Method #Book

Extract : «  In a recent Time essay (see references) Robert Jastrow, director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, predicted that history is about to witness the birth of a new intelligence, a form superior to humanity's. The pitiful human brain has "a wiring defect" that causes it to "freeze up" when faced with "several streams of information simultaneously." Jastrow suggests that "the human form is not likely to be the standard form for intelligent life" in the cosmos. Even on our own small planet, a new day is near at hand: "In the 1990s,... the compactness and reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain."

We have always been fascinated by the idea of a machine that is capable of rational thought. Jastrow is neither the first nor the last person who is betting on rapid improvements in machine intelligence. His expectation that computers will rival humanity within 15 years seems optimistic to anyone who has watched half-a-dozen excited technicians flutter about for several hours trying to bring a crashed system back to life. This prophecy seems even more fanciful to those who have attempted to program machines to cope with pattern recognition, language translation or a complex game such as chess. [...]  »

Nucleus

Nucleus

p.10 Letters

p.10 Letters

p.54 Book Reviews

p.54 Book Reviews

#Book

Extract : «  Microprocessor Programming for Computer Hobbyists by Neil Graham, Tab Books (number 952), Blue Ridge Summit PA 17214 $8.95 [...]  »

p.57 p.65 Technical Forum

p.57 p.65 Technical Forum

p.68 p.136 p.141 Programming Quickies

p.68 p.136 p.141 Programming Quickies

p.151 BYTE's Bits

p.151 BYTE's Bits

p.151 BYTE's Bugs

p.151 BYTE's Bugs

p.152 Clubs, Newsletters

p.152 Clubs, Newsletters

#Association

p.154 Event Queue

p.154 Event Queue

p.166 Product Description: Micro-Scan Corp Bar Code Scanner

p.166 Product Description: Micro-Scan Corp Bar Code Scanner

p.193 What's New?

p.193 What's New?

p.222 Unclassified Ads

p.222 Unclassified Ads

p.224 BOMB

p.224 BOMB

p.224 Reader Service

p.224 Reader Service

ADS (content taken from the reader service p.224)

ADS (content taken from the reader service p.224)

p.143 Administrative Systems

p.143 Administrative Systems

p.167 AJA Software

p.167 AJA Software

p.140 p.141 Alpha Micro Systems

p.140 p.141 Alpha Micro Systems

p.5 Altos Computer Products

p.5 Altos Computer Products

p.85 Anderson Jacobson

p.85 Anderson Jacobson

p.180 Apparat Inc

p.180 Apparat Inc

p.14 Apple Computer

p.14 Apple Computer

p.15 Apple Computer

p.15 Apple Computer

p.161 Art-by-Computer

p.161 Art-by-Computer

p.69 Artec Electronics

p.69 Artec Electronics

p.202 ATV Research

p.202 ATV Research

p.218 AVR Electronics

p.218 AVR Electronics

p.99 Base 2 Inc

p.99 Base 2 Inc

p.219 Beckian Enterprises

p.219 Beckian Enterprises

p.127 p.128 p.129 BITS Inc

p.127 p.128 p.129 BITS Inc

p.167 Biz Comp '78

p.167 Biz Comp '78

p.163 Bootstrap Enterprises

p.163 Bootstrap Enterprises

p.171 Business Application Software

p.171 Business Application Software

p.147 Buss

p.147 Buss

p.159 BYTE Back Issues

p.159 BYTE Back Issues

p.61 p.62 p.63 p.64 BYTE Books

p.61 p.62 p.63 p.64 BYTE Books

p.50 BYTE WATS Line

p.50 BYTE WATS Line

p.201 California Digital

p.201 California Digital

p.181 Canada Systems

p.181 Canada Systems

p.73 Central Data

p.73 Central Data

p.206 Chrislin Industries

p.206 Chrislin Industries

p.206 Computer Age

p.206 Computer Age

p.206 Computer Corner

p.206 Computer Corner

p.92 Computer Enterprises

p.92 Computer Enterprises

p.163 Computer Lab of NJ

p.163 Computer Lab of NJ

p.10 p.11 Computerland

p.10 p.11 Computerland

p.206 Computer Mart of NH

p.206 Computer Mart of NH

p.126 p.206 Computer Mart of NJ & PA

p.126 p.206 Computer Mart of NJ & PA

p.109 Contemporary Marketing

p.109 Contemporary Marketing

p.158 Cosmic Search

p.158 Cosmic Search

p.177 CPAids

p.177 CPAids

p.189 Creative Software

p.189 Creative Software

p.1 p.2 Cromemco

p.1 p.2 Cromemco

p.184 Datafacs

p.184 Datafacs

p.206 Datec

p.206 Datec

p.91 Digital Marketing

p.91 Digital Marketing

p.97 Digital Pathways

p.97 Digital Pathways

p.175 Digital Research (CA)

p.175 Digital Research (CA)

p.203 Digital Research (TX)

p.203 Digital Research (TX)

p.218 Digital Service & Design

p.218 Digital Service & Design

p.32 p.33 Dynabyte

p.32 p.33 Dynabyte

p.151 Ed-Pro

p.151 Ed-Pro

p.188 Electro Analytic Systems

p.188 Electro Analytic Systems

p.195 Electrolabs

p.195 Electrolabs

p.177 Electronic Control Technology

p.177 Electronic Control Technology

p.205 Electronic Systems

p.205 Electronic Systems

p.207 Electronics Warehouse

p.207 Electronics Warehouse

p.156 EMM/CMP

p.156 EMM/CMP

p.185 EMM Semi Inc

p.185 EMM Semi Inc

p.81 Exidy Inc

p.81 Exidy Inc

p.148 Forethought Products

p.148 Forethought Products

p.179 Fuller Eng & Mfg

p.179 Fuller Eng & Mfg

p.103 General Electric

p.103 General Electric

p.77 Godbout Electronics

p.77 Godbout Electronics

p.117 GFN Industries

p.117 GFN Industries

p.202 Hamilton Logic Systems

p.202 Hamilton Logic Systems

p.133 Hayden Book Publishing

p.133 Hayden Book Publishing

p.149 DC Hayes

p.149 DC Hayes

p.17 Heath Company

p.17 Heath Company

p.192 Hobby World

p.192 Hobby World

p.87 Honeywell

p.87 Honeywell

p.47 Houston Instruments

p.47 Houston Instruments

p.170 HUH Electronics

p.170 HUH Electronics

p.202 IEE Corporation

p.202 IEE Corporation

p.13 IMSAI

p.13 IMSAI

p.35 Information Terminals

p.35 Information Terminals

p.159 Information Unlimited

p.159 Information Unlimited

p.181 Innotronics

p.181 Innotronics

p.171 Integrand

p.171 Integrand

p.209 Integrated Circuits Unlimited

p.209 Integrated Circuits Unlimited

p.176 International Data Sciences

p.176 International Data Sciences

p.198 Ithaca Audio

p.198 Ithaca Audio

p.218 J & E Electronics

p.218 J & E Electronics

p.197 Jade Company

p.197 Jade Company

p.210 p.211 Jameco Electronics

p.210 p.211 Jameco Electronics

p.71 Jim-Pak

p.71 Jim-Pak

p.218 Judge Electronics

p.218 Judge Electronics

p.131 Kybe Corp

p.131 Kybe Corp

p.107 Lear Siegler

p.107 Lear Siegler

p.159 p.161 Lifeboat Associates

p.159 p.161 Lifeboat Associates

p.151 Logical Services

p.151 Logical Services

p.218 Mathematical Application Services

p.218 Mathematical Application Services

p.139 McGraw-Hill Publishing

p.139 McGraw-Hill Publishing

p.206 The Memory Coop

p.206 The Memory Coop

p.150 Micro Mail

p.150 Micro Mail

p.25 Micromation

p.25 Micromation

p.49 MicroPro International Corp

p.49 MicroPro International Corp

p.53 Micro World

p.53 Micro World

p.206 Micro Z

p.206 Micro Z

p.219 Mikos

p.219 Mikos

p.23 p.75 Morrow/Thinker Toys

p.23 p.75 Morrow/Thinker Toys

p.179 mpi

p.179 mpi

p.126 Mullen Computer Boards

p.126 Mullen Computer Boards

p.68 MVT Microcomputer Systems

p.68 MVT Microcomputer Systems

p.123 NCC'79

p.123 NCC'79

p.153 Netronics

p.153 Netronics

p.82 NE Electronics

p.82 NE Electronics

p.111 Newman Computer Exchange

p.111 Newman Computer Exchange

p.218 Nortek Inc

p.218 Nortek Inc

p.7 p.27 North Star

p.7 p.27 North Star

p.59 Northwest Microcomputing Systems

p.59 Northwest Microcomputing Systems

p.18 p.19 p.20 p.21 Ohio Scientific Instrument

p.18 p.19 p.20 p.21 Ohio Scientific Instrument

(byte_1978_10_p019.jpg)

p.31 OK Machine & Tool

p.31 OK Machine & Tool

p.176 Oliver Advanced Engineering

p.176 Oliver Advanced Engineering

p.137 Osborne & Associates

p.137 Osborne & Associates

p.206 Owens Associates

p.206 Owens Associates

p.174 Pacific Digital

p.174 Pacific Digital

p.199 Pacific Office Systems

p.199 Pacific Office Systems

p.199 Page Digital

p.199 Page Digital

p.180 PAIA Electronics

p.180 PAIA Electronics

p.154 PanaVise

p.154 PanaVise

p.202 PCE Electronics

p.202 PCE Electronics

p.45 Per Com Data

p.45 Per Com Data

p.94 Personal Software

p.94 Personal Software

p.52 Personal Systems Consulting

p.52 Personal Systems Consulting

p.189 Phone I

p.189 Phone I

p.218 Preferred Positions

p.218 Preferred Positions

p.214 p.215 Priority I

p.214 p.215 Priority I

p.8 p.9 p.10 Processor Technology

p.8 p.9 p.10 Processor Technology

p.157 p.159 p.161 Program Design Inc

p.157 p.159 p.161 Program Design Inc

p.149 Programmers Software Exchange

p.149 Programmers Software Exchange

p.51 PRS

p.51 PRS

p.195 Quest Electronics

p.195 Quest Electronics

p.79 Radio Shack

p.79 Radio Shack

p.185 The Recreational Programmer

p.185 The Recreational Programmer

p.120 p.121 Reston Educational Institute

p.120 p.121 Reston Educational Institute

p.213 Rondure Co

p.213 Rondure Co

p.188 S-100

p.188 S-100

(p.CIII) Scelbi

(p.CIII) Scelbi

p.125 Scelbi/BYTE Primer

p.125 Scelbi/BYTE Primer

p.175 Schrier Software Index

p.175 Schrier Software Index

p.54 p.55 p.160 Scientific Research

p.54 p.55 p.160 Scientific Research

p.101 Seattle Computer Products

p.101 Seattle Computer Products

p.113 Michael Shrayer Software

p.113 Michael Shrayer Software

(p.CIV) Shugart

(p.CIV) Shugart

p.37 Signetics

p.37 Signetics

p.155 Small Business Computer Magazine

p.155 Small Business Computer Magazine

p.161 Ed Smith's Software

p.161 Ed Smith's Software

p.93 Smoke Signal Broadcasting

p.93 Smoke Signal Broadcasting

p.170 Softside

p.170 Softside

p.167 Software Records

p.167 Software Records

p.56 p.57 SSM

p.56 p.57 SSM

p.221 Solid State Sales

p.221 Solid State Sales

p.41 Soroc

p.41 Soroc

(p.CII) Southwest Technical Products

(p.CII) Southwest Technical Products

p.65 Stirling Bekdorf

p.65 Stirling Bekdorf

p.29 Structured Systems Group

p.29 Structured Systems Group

p.152 Summagraphics

p.152 Summagraphics

p.218 Sunny Trading Company

p.218 Sunny Trading Company

p.39 Sybex

p.39 Sybex

p.66 p.67 Synchro Sound

p.66 p.67 Synchro Sound

p.43 Talos Systems Inc

p.43 Talos Systems Inc

p.105 Tarbell Electronics

p.105 Tarbell Electronics

p.150 Taylor & Associates

p.150 Taylor & Associates

p.119 Technical Systems Consultants

p.119 Technical Systems Consultants

p.138 Terrapin

p.138 Terrapin

p.217 3 S Sales Inc

p.217 3 S Sales Inc

p.218 Tora Systems

p.218 Tora Systems

p.60 TransNet

p.60 TransNet

p.217 TriTek

p.217 TriTek

p.174 Ultra Violet Products

p.174 Ultra Violet Products

p.83 University Microfilms International

p.83 University Microfilms International

p.97 US Robotics

p.97 US Robotics

p.202 Vamp

p.202 Vamp

p.213 Wameco

p.213 Wameco

p.115 Whales

p.115 Whales

p.202 Worldwide Electronics

p.202 Worldwide Electronics

p.202 X & Y Enterprises

p.202 X & Y Enterprises

p.146 p.147 Xitex

p.146 p.147 Xitex